674 The American Naturalist. [July, 



blance to Miss Youmans's work noticed above. There is the same 

 admiration and following of Henslow's "schedules" for analysis, the 

 same examination of representative plants, while in each there are sev- 

 eral chapters given to generalizations. Most of the work of preparing 

 this volume appears to be well done, but there are evidences here and 

 there of haste. Thus while the true nature of the lichens is recognized 

 on page 202, a little further on (p. 206) we have the old statement that 

 " the lichens, from their peculiar constitution, may be regarded as tran- 

 sitional between the Algae and the Fungi." Here we have a little new 

 wine (p. 202) in a very old bottle (p. 206). The " Flora for the Use 

 of Beginners" in this book is much like Miss Youmans's "Popular 

 Flora." It is really a very useful little manual. 



A recent English book, Edmonds's " Elementary Botany," has been 

 placed before the American public by Longmans of New York. It is 

 a much more scientific book than either of the preceding, although 

 like them it teaches botany by observation. The principal difference 

 is that the observation in this book is more profound, and is directed 

 to essential rather than to superficial characters. The student is brought 

 to study the plant as a living thing, rather than an object to be classi- 

 fied and labeled. We find that while 153 pages are given to structure 

 and physiology, but 35 are devoted to classification. A few orders are 

 selected, and in each a typical plant is suggested for study, while a -few 

 others are cited as common examples. The book is a very good one. 



Dr. Campbell's " Structural and Systematic Botany," which has re- 

 cently been brought out byGinn & Co., is an attempt to supply a small 

 and handy introduction to all parts of the vegetable kingdom. It is 

 based upon, and to a certain extent is an abridgement of, Goebel's 

 " Outlines of Classification and Special'Morphology of Plants," a work 

 of great usefulness to the student in spite of its considerable cost. 

 This introduction will be welcome to many a teacher and student who 

 cannot afford the larger work. 



After a few introductory pages devoted to methods of work, and a 

 brief examination of the cell, the Protophytes are taken up, nine pages 

 being devoted to them. Then follow in order the Algae, Fungi, Bryo- 

 phytes, Pteridophytes, and Spermaphytes. Very good outline drawings, 

 largely original, accompany the text. A commendable feature of the 

 work is the adoption of Eichler's arrangement of the flowering plants. 



Here and there slips, due doubtless to haste, are noticed. Thus 

 the figures B, C, and D, on page 132, are certainly not 'of " year-old 

 cones of Scotch Pine," and on page 131 the relation of scale and 

 " ovule-bearing leaf ' ' are badly confused. There is also a looseness in 



