10 



reason is obvious: a business man, during his working-hours, has no oc- 

 casion Cor domestic luxuries, but nc('(ls to have access to certain of his 

 co-workers in the shortest practicable time, and with the smallest prac- 

 ticable expenditure of effort. He wants to lie near a bank, for instance, 

 or near the Corn Exchange, or near the Stock Exchange, or to shipping, 

 or to a certain class of shops or manufactories. On the other hand, 

 when not engaged in business, he has no occasion to lie near his working 

 place, but demands arrangements of a wholly different character. 

 Families require to settle in certain localities in sufficient numbers to 

 support those establishments which minister to their social and other 

 wants, and yet are not willing to accept the conditions of town-life which 

 were formerly deemed imperative, and which, in the business quarters, 

 are yet, perhaps, in some degree, imperative, but demand as much of 

 the luxuries of free air, space and abundant vegetation as, without loss 

 of town-privileges, they can he enabled to secure. 



Those parts of a town which are to any considerable extent occupied 

 by the great agencies of commerce, or which, for any reason, are espe- 

 cially fitted for their occupation, are therefore sure to be more and more 

 exclusively given up to them, and, although we can not anticipate all 

 the subdivisions of a rapidly increasing town with confidence, we may 

 safely assume that the general division of all the parts of every con- 

 siderable town under the two great classifications of commercial and 

 domestic, which began in the great European towns in the last century, 

 will not only continue, but will become more and more distinct. 



It can hardly be thought probable that street arrangements perfectly 

 well adapted in all respects to the purposes to be served in one of these 

 divisions are the very best in every particular that it would be possible 

 to devise for those of the other. 



RECREATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND DISTANCE OF SUBURBS. 



Another change in the habits of towns-people which also grows out 

 of the greatly enlarged area already occupied by large towns, results 

 from the fact that, owing to the great distances of the suburbs from the 

 central parts, the great body of the inhabitants cannot so easily as 

 formerly stroll out into the country in search of fresh air, quietness, and 

 recreation. At the same time there is no doubt that the more intense 

 intellectual activity, which prevails equally in the library, the work 

 shop, and the counting-room, makes tranquilizing recreation more essen- 

 tial to continued health and strength than until lately it generally has 

 been. Civilized men while they are gaining ground against certain 

 acute forms of disease are growing more and more subject to other and 



