58 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



the wings, and is wholly destitute of the row of blue spots which 

 occur in V. antiopa forward of the border. Ground color deep 

 rusty brown, much more tinged with liver reddish than in V. an- 

 tiopa. The fore margin of the anterior wings is black, freckled 

 with small transverse white streaks and lines, but is destitute of 

 the two white spots of the other species. The broad outer band 

 is of a tarnished pale ochre yellow hue, speckled with black, and 

 becomes quite narrow at the inner angle of the hind pair. Wings 

 beneath similar to those of V. antiopa, but are darker and without 

 any sprinkling of ash-gray scales or any whitish crescent in the 

 middle of the hind pair, and the border is speckled with gray and 

 whitish in wavy transverse streaks, without forming the distinct 



band which is seen in. V. antiopa. 



Fitch. 



[Probably a variety of V. antiopa. — J. Gr. M.] 



6. V. californica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 306. 



Upper side bright fulvous ; primaries with three black bands on 

 the upper edge, as in the allied species, and only three large points 

 on the disk ; a white ante-apical streak ; the edge of all the wings 

 blackish, but destitute of blue crescents. 



Under side paler, with the transverse band very angular. ' 



California. 



Boisd. 



PYRAMEIS Doubled. & Hewits. 



Differs from Vanessa in having the wings less angular, palpi less 

 hairy, and in somewhat different form ; the club of the antennae is 

 rather more pointed ; larvae have all the segments except the head 

 and prothorax armed with long spines, set round with whorls of 

 stiff bristles. They differ also in habits • those of Pyrameis are 

 always solitary, drawing together the sides of a leaf with silken 

 threads, and thus forming a cylindric dwelling ; the pupae are 

 similar in shape and markings. 



1. P. atalanta Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 779. Figured in most European 

 works on Lepidoptera. 



Upper side black, with a red band. The band of the seconda- 

 ries is marginal, with four black dots on it, terminated at the anal 



