6 ANACANTHINI. 



Schonev. p. 62. Pleuronectes, sp. Artedi, Synon. p. 31, no. 3, and Gen. p. 17, 

 no. 3 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 247. Passer, sp. Klein, Pise. Miss, iv, p. 33, no. 2. 

 Helleftynder, Pontop. Norg. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 220 ; Strom. Sondm. i, p. 300. 

 Hippoqlossus Boncleletii, Rutty, Co. Dublin, 1772, i, p. 350. Holibut, Pennant, 

 Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776) iii, p. 226 (ed. 1812) iii, p. 302. Fleta.n, Duhamel, Peches, 

 ii, sect, ix, p. 271, pi. vii, f. 1. The Holibut, Low, Fauna Oread, p. 211. 



Pleuronectes Mppoglossus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 456; Bloch, t. xlvii; Bl. 

 Schn. p. 147 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1227 ; Lacep. iv, p. 601 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. 

 p. 74, pi. xxxix, f. 156 ; Donovan, Brit. Fish, iv, pi. lxxv ; Shaw, Zool. iv, 

 p. 295 ; Pallas, Zoogr. Boos. As. iii, p. 421 ; Tnrton, Brit. Fauna, p. 95 ; Faber, 

 Fische Isl. p. 148; Gronov. ed Gray, p. 87; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 173, 

 pi. xv, f. 1. 



Hipp>oglossus vulgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 199 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 460 ; Tarrell, 

 Brit, Fish. (Ed. 1) ii, p. 230, c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 321 (Ed. 3) i, p. 630; 

 Parnell, Wem. Mem. vii, p. 372 and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 212 ; Templeton, 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837 (2) i, p. 411 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Hist. Club, 1838, 

 i, p. 174 ; De Kay, New York Fauna, Fish. p. 294, pi. xlix, f . 157 ; White, Catal. 

 p. 101 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 199 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 403 ; 

 Malgr. CEfv. Sven. Yet. Akad. Forh. 1865, p. 527 ; Gilpin, Proc. and Trans. Nov. 

 Scot. Inst. Nat. Sci. ii, 2, 1869, p. 20 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 134 ; Mcintosh, 

 Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 179; Winther, Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 36; Moreau, Poiss. 

 France, iii, p. 287 (? Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. 1859, p. 30). 



Hippoglossus maximus, Gottsche, Wiegm. Arch. 1835, p. 164 ; Kroyer, Dan. 

 Fisk. ii, p. 381, c. fig. ; Nilsson, Skan. Fauna, iv, p. 631. 



Hippoglossus gigas, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 302 ; Bonap. Peso. Eur. 47. 



Hipp)oglossus Linnet, Malm, 'p. 508. ' 



Holibut, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iii, p. 149, pi. clix. 



B. vii, D. 99-107, P. 14-18, V. 6, A. 73-82, C. 15-18, Ccec. pyl. 4, Vert. 16/34. 



Length of head 4|, of caudal fin G-§-, height of body 3 to 3| in the total length. 

 Fye — diameter 5-§ to 6 in the length of the head and nearly or quite equals the 

 extent of the snout, and from -| to 1 diameter apart ; anteriorly the two eyes reach 

 to the same level ; interorbital space smooth, scaleless. The greatest height of the 

 head does not quite equal its length. Lower jaw prominent ; the posterior extremity 

 of the maxilla reaches to beneath the middle or hind edge of the orbit ; the length 

 of the maxilla equals about 1/3 of that of the head. Teeth — conical, in the 

 anterior two-thirds of the upper jaw in two rows, the outer consisting of distantly 

 separated and large ones : posteriorly a single row ; in the lower jaw six to eight 

 distantly placed conical ones ; none on the palate or tongue. Fins — the dorsal 

 commences above the first third or middle of the upper orbit, and terminates before 

 it reaches the caudal fin, the length of the interspace being equal to the depth of the 

 free portion of the tail ; all the rays are simple and un branched except the last few ; 

 the highest rays are about its centre where they equal about one-third that of the 

 body beneath them, the anterior and posterior rays are short. Pectoral on the coloured 

 side half as long as the head, slightly shorter on the blind side ; Ventral short, 

 being scarcely half the length of the pectoral, while it does not quite reach to above 

 the commencement of the anal, which latter fin is low at first but at about the end of 

 its first third the rays become so long as to be equal to at least 1/3 of that of the 

 body above it, the fin terminates beneath the end of the dorsal, its last few rays 

 bifurcated. Caudal emarginate. Scales — minute, and cycloid over the body and 

 head on the coloured side and some on the end of the maxilla, none between the 

 rays of the dorsal and anal fins. Blind side of body scaled. No spine in front of 

 the anal fin. Lateral-line — anteriorly curved above the pectoral fin, the height 

 of the curve being about equal to one-fourth of its length. Gill-raJeers — 

 compressed, wide but short, the length of each not being equal to half that of the 

 orbit. Colours — right or coloured side of an olive marbled all over with darker : 

 fins similarly coloured except in the young, when the basal halves of the dorsal 

 and anal are light coloured. 



Names. — Said by Ray (1713) to have been termed but, also turbid or turbot. 



