02 PHYSOSTOMI. 



In the Orkneys, Low observed that it exists in great quantities in the Loch 

 of Stenness, through the whole summer. They do not grow so large as the 

 true trout, Sal mo far io, neither are they so much esteemed, their flesh being white 

 and only moderately good. During harvest they ascend to the smallest streams to 

 spawn subsequent to which they return to the sea. It is common along the east 

 coast of Scotland, and Russell calculated that in the Tweed it is as numerous as 

 the salmon and grilse combined : to the south of the Tweed fifty to every salmon 

 and grilse, while in the Forth and Tay and other large and inaccessible rivers 

 in the north the bull-trout is almost a stranger. It is also found along the 

 north-east coast of England, more especially the Coquet, Tyne, Tees, and Wear. 

 It is less frequent on the west coast of Scotland than on the east. In Yorkshire 

 very abundant along the coast and present in all the rivers frequented by the 

 salmon (Yorkshire Vertebrata). In Norfolk it is frequently taken in the Ouse 

 and the estuary (Lowe). Excepting the " Fordwich trout" from Kent, which 

 is of the typical Salmo trutta form, S. cambricus is generally found from the 

 south of England and Wales, extending up the west coast of Scotland. 



In Ireland it is common around the coast. 



As to the size it attains there exists the head of one in the British Museum 

 10 inches long from the Tweed, which measurement would seem to show the fish 

 must have been nearly 4 feet in length. 



The figure, plate cxi, fig. 2, is from a male in the British Museum, 18 inches 

 long, from the Tweed, which contained 57 ccecal appendages, and is similar to a 

 female I have from the same locality with only 33. In the variety S. albus figured, 

 there were 53 ccecal appendages, the specimen was a female; the example of 

 S. cambricus was taken off Penzance in a trammel, August 13th, 1881, it was 

 a female 14 inches long, with the ova half developed, it had 40 ccecal appendages : 

 a young male 13 inches long from Wales possessed 41. 



2 A. Salmo Levenensis, Plate CXVI, fig. 2 and 2a. 



(?) Salmo Cumberland, Lacepede, v, p. 696. 



Salmo Levenensis, Walker, Wern. Mem. i, p. 541 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes (ed. 2) 

 ii, p. 217 (ed. 3) i, p. 257 ; Giinther, Catah vi, p. 101 ; Couch, Fishes Brit. Isles, 

 iv, p. 243, pi. ccxx ; Houghton, Brit. Freshwater Fishes, p. 123, c. fig. 



Salmo ccecifer, Parnell, Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 146, pi. xxx, and Wern. Mem. 

 vii, p. 306, pi. xxx. 



Loch Leven trout, Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Amer. Pise. p. 143. 



B. x-xii, D. 12-14 '(£&)i P. 12-14, V. 9, A. 10-12 (f:f), C. 19, LI. 120-130, 

 L - tr. W-ih Co3C - pyl- 47-90, Vert. 57-59. 



Body rather elongated, with the abdominal profile a little more curved than that 

 of the back. Length of head about 4f to 5J, rather longest in the males, of 

 caudal fin 8, height of body 4-^ to 5 in the total length. Eye — diameter in an 

 example about f lb. weight, 5^- to 6 in the length of the head, 1± diameter from the 

 end of the snout, and the same distance apart : it is of greater comparative size 

 in smaller specimens, but smaller in larger ones. Interorbital space convex. 

 Maxilla rather feeble, it reaches to slightly behind the hind edge of the eye : 

 lower jaw with a hook or knob at the upper end of the mandible. Lower limb 

 of preopercle generally, but not invariably, indistinct. Teeth — of moderate 

 ■strength, a double row along the body of the vomer, which are sometimes more 

 or less lost, and a transverse row of 3 or 4 opposite its junction with the palatines. 

 In some few cases a single row of teeth has been observed along the body of the 

 vomer, but in no instance have I found this to be the case in the Howietown fish, 

 all of which have a double row similar to the brook-trout. Fins — these vary in 

 the Loch Leven as well as in other forms of trout, and are due to the same causes. 

 The pectoral is more pointed than is generally seen in the brook-trout, but like that 

 of the white sea-trout, and reaches to about half-way to the base of the ventral, 



