126 PHYSOSTOMI. 



1. Coregonus oxyrhynchus, Plate CXXI, fig. 2. 



Oxyrhynchus, Rondel, ii, p. 195 ; Gesner, p. 771 ; Willughby, p. 187. 

 Albula nobilis, Schonev. (not Gesner), p. 12. Coregonus, sp. Artedi, Synon. 

 p. 21, no. 4, Genera, p 10, no. 4. Salmo, sp. Gronov. Zooph. no. 374. 



Salmo (Coregonus) oryrinchus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 512 ; Lacep. v, pp. 263, 

 267 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1383 ; Bonnat. Ency. Ich., p. 167 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 152. 



Tripteronotus hautin, Lacep. v, p. 48. 



Salmo lavaretus, Bl. i, p. 163, t. xxv (not Linn.). 



Salmo thymallus latus, Bl. i, p. 170, t. xxvi. 



Coregonus oxyrinchus, Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. p. 76, c. fig. 



Coregonus oxyrhynchus, Ekstrom, Fische Morko, p. 198 ; Cnv. and Val. xxi, 

 p. 488, pi. 630 ; Selys-Longch. Fanna Beige, p. 222 and Bull. Acad. Belg. ix, 1842, 

 p. 510; Malm* Wiegm. Arch. 1864, p. 323, and Fauna, p. 544; Siebold, 

 Siisswasser. f. p. 260 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder., p. 135, pi. xiii, f. 2 ; Blanchard, 

 Poiss. France, p. 433, f. 112 ; Gunther, Catal. vi, p. 173; Collett, Norges Fiske, 

 1875, p. 165 ; Day, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 419, c. caput. ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, 

 p. 552. 



B. ix, D. 14-15( T £:f ,) | P. 15-16, Y. 12-13, A. 14-15 ( T £fa), C. 20, L. 1. 75-80, 

 L. tr. 8-9/12, Vert. 58. 



Length of head 4| to 5, of caudal fin h\ to 5^, height of hody 5| to 6 in the 

 total length. Eyes — diameter of each 4i to 4-| in the length of the head, 1| to 

 li diameters from the end of the snout, and li to 1| apart. Snout produced 

 into a conical point beyond the upper jaw which is longer than the lower 

 jaw ; the maxilla reaching to below the first third of the eye. Length of 

 lower limb of the preopercle 3/4 of that of the vertical limb. Sub-opercle 

 rounded posteriorly. Teeth — in the jaws may be present or absent, being very 

 deciduous, when present like little needle points rather far asunder in the upper 

 jaw. Gill rakers not so long as the eye. Fins — first dorsal commences rather 

 nearer the snout than to the base of the caudal fin, its longest ray 2/3 the 

 height of the body below it. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout or 

 behind the middle of the eye. Anal commences anterior to the vertical from the 

 commencement of the adipose dorsal. Caudal forked. Scales — about 34 anterior 

 to the base of the rayed dorsal fin ; 7g between the lateral-line and base of the 

 ventral, where there is an elongated scale. Intestines — stomach siphonal with 

 about 200 short ccecal appendages. Colours — gray along the back becoming 

 silvery on the sides and beneath. Snout black. Fins yellow, upper edge of 

 dorsal black ; tip of adipose dorsal and caudal gray, a dark mark across ventral, 

 and a slight band along the anal. 



Varieties. — Valenciennes observes that two varieties exist : the one blackish 

 with a shorter snout from Lake Malarn ; the other paler in colour, having a longer 

 snout, found in Lake Wenern, and termed Ndbb-sih. 



Names. — Houting or Hautin, from the Dutch, a probable corruption, according 

 to Valenciennes, from Whiting. 



Habits. — Mostly marine, but enters fresh waters. It seems to do better in a 

 fresh water than in a marine aquarium. 



Habitat. — Coasts of Northern Europe, entering fresh waters in Holland, 

 Germany, and Denmark. I received the first recorded British example April 

 17th, 1877, from Lincolnshire ; in March, 1880, the late Mr. Buckland sent me 

 one captured near Chichester. February, 1881, I obtained a third from the 

 mouth of the Med way, taken from among some smelts. 



Rutty (Nat. Hist. Co. Dublin, 1772, i, p. 365) observed, " Thymallus, the 

 Grayling or Umber. With us it is a sea fish, and less than Willughby's, which 

 is a river fish." He may have been referring to Coregonus oxyrhynchus. 



The figure is from the Lincolnshire example, 7 inches long, already referred 

 to, but the fish attains to more than twice this length. 



* Malm considers Coregonus marcena, Nilsson, and C. Widegrenii, Malmgren, as synonymous 

 for this species, and probably Q. Lloydii, G uuther. 



