128 PHYSOSTOMI. 



Breeding. — December (Pennant). 



As food. — Dry and insipid. It soon decomposes. 



Habitat. — Loch Lomond, Ullswater, Haweswater, and large lakes in 

 Cumberland, the Red Tarn, a small piece of water upwards of 2600 feet above 

 the sea, near the summit of Helvellyn. Conningham mere, Lancashire ; Pemble 

 mere, near Chester ; Lyntegid, near Bala, in Merionethshire ; and an instance has 

 been recorded of its straying six miles down the Dee as far as Llandrillo. 



The example figured was from Bala lake, and I am indebted for it to Spencer 

 Walpole, Esq. 



This fish attains to 3 or 4 lb. weight (Pennant), and has been recorded up to 

 16 inches in length. 



3. Coregonus vandesius, Plate CXXIII, fig. 1. 



Vandesius et Gevandesius, Sibbald, Scot. Illus. p. 26. Vangis and Jurangis, 

 Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776), iii, p. 317 (Ed. 1812), iii, p. 420. Vendace, 

 Knox, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xii, p. 503. 



Coregonus marcenula, Jardine, Edin. Journ. Nat. and Geol. Soc. iii, p. 4, 

 pi. 1 and Brit. Ass. 1834, p. 615 ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 432 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, 

 p. 287. 



Coregonus vandesius, Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer. iii, p. 213 ; Giinther, Catal. 

 vi, p. 194 ; Houghton, Brit. Freshwater Fishes, p. 155, c. fig. 



Coregonus Willughbeii, Jardine, Illus. Scot. Salm. pi. vi; Yarrell. Brit. Fish, 

 (ed. 2), ii, p. 146. 



Coregonus albula, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 520, pi. 633 ; Stewart, El. Nat. Hist, 

 i, p. 373; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 81; Yarrell, British Fish. (ed. 3), i, 

 p. 324. 



Vendace, Embleton, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northum. and Durham, iv, p. 147, c. fig. ; 

 Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 289, pi. ccxxx. 



B. ix, D. 11 (f ) | 0, P. 15-16, V. 11, A. 13-14 (to'tt), 0. 23, L. 1. 66-70, L. 

 tr. 8-9/10, Vert. 56. 



Length of head 5 \, of caudal fin . 5|, height of body 4| in the total length. 

 Eyes — diameter of each 3 to 3i in the length of the head, 3/4 of a diameter from 

 the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. Lower jaw the longer, the extremity 

 when the mouth is closed forming a portion of the upper profile of the head : the 

 posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches almost to beneath the middle of the 

 eye. Teeth — very minute. Fins — the first dorsal commences nearly midway 

 between the end of the snout and the posterior end of the base of the adipose 

 dorsal fin ; it is four-fifths the height of the body below it. Ventrals inserted, on 

 a line below the anterior portion of the first dorsal fin and midway -between the 

 hind edge of the opercle and the commencement of the anal fin. Ccecal appendages 

 numerous. Scales — 7 rows between the lateral-line and the insertion of the 

 ventral fin. Colours — greenish blue along the back and upper half of the body, 

 silvery dashed with gold along the sides and beneath. Fins rather dark. Sir 

 W. Jardine observes that where the bottom is mossy they are of a darker tint 

 above and incline more to yellowish brown on the under parts. 



Varieties. — In those from the Castle Loch the lateral-line is said to be mesial, 

 while in such as come from Mill Loch it is nearer the dorsal profile, the latter 

 being likewise thicker and possessing longer heads. 



JVames.-^Pennant suggests the term Vendace has been derived from the French 

 Vendoise, "a dace," which it may have appeared to resemble to the Frenchified 

 Scotch Court which attended Queen Mary in her forced retirement when it was 

 said to have been introduced. 



Habits. — A gregarious fresh-water fish which swims in large shoals retiring to 

 the depths of the lakes as the warm weather sets in. It has been said that the sexes 

 keep apart, but in a draught made in October nine were females and six males, 

 which would tend to show that they reside together. As Knox conveyed some of 

 these fish alive in a bucket of water to the village, it shows they do not, as has 

 been asserted, die immediately on being taken out of the lake. Knox (Ann. Nat. 



