CYPRINID^E. 175 



Genus V. — Leuciscus (Klein), Cuv. and Val. 



Phoxinus, Agassiz : Scardinius, Squalius, and Telestes, Bonap. : Idus, Leucos, 

 Heckel : Pseudophoxinus, Bleeker.* 



Pseudobranchim present. Mouth anterior, lips of moderate size. Barbels 

 absent. Pharyngeal teeth compressed or conical, in a single or double row. Dorsal 

 fin with few rays (D-14), all being articulated, it commences nearly or quite opposite 

 the ventrals : anal also with few rays (9-15). Caudal forked or emarginate. Scales 

 of large, medium, or small size, covering the body. Lateral-line complete or 

 incomplete. Intestinal tract short, having only a few convolutions. 



The old-world forms belonging to this extensive genus have been subdivided 

 into several smaller genera by various ichthyologists, in accordance with the 

 character of the pharyngeal teeth, and whether they are in one or two rows : 

 the position of the dorsal fin and the number of the anal rays : the number of 

 scales along the side of the body : and whether the lateral-line is complete or 

 incomplete. 



Of the indigenous British species we possess the following: — Pharyngeal 

 teeth in a single row : Leuciscus rutilus, D. 11-13, A. 11-14, L. 1. 42-45. Teeth 

 in a double row: L. ceplialus, D. 11, A. 11-12, L. 1. 42-46 : L. vulgaris, D. 9-10, 

 A. 10-11, L. 1. 48-52 : L. erythrophthalmus, D. 11-12, A. 13-15, L. 1. 40-44 : 

 L. phoxinus, D. 9-10, A. 9-11, scales small and lateral-line incomplete. 



Geographical distribution. — These fishes are widely distributed throughout 

 Europe and the northern portions of Asia and North America. As a rule they 

 are exclusively found in fresh water. 



1. Leuciscus rutilus, Plate C XXXII, fig. 2. 



Lascha, Belon. p. 316. Leuciscus, Rondel, p. 191. Rutilus, Gesner, de Aquat. 

 p. 821 ; Willugh. p. 262, t. Q10, f. 5 ; Jonston, lib. iii, t. i, c. xiv, p. 145, t. xxvi, 

 f. 9 ; Ray, p. 122. Cyprinus, sp. Artedi, Gen. p. 3, no. 1, Species, p. 10, no. 3, 

 Synom. p. 10, no. 18 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 339. Roach, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 

 1776) iii, p. 365 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 482. Gardon, Durham. Peches, ii, p. 498, 

 t. xxiv, f. 1. 



Cyprinus rutilus, Linn. Sys. Nat. i, p. 529 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1426 ; Bloch, 

 Fische Deuts. i, p. 32, t. ii ; Bl. Schn. p. 435 ; Bonn. Ency. Ich. p. 198, pi. lxxx, 

 f. 334; Lacep. v, p. 575; Donovan, Brit. Fish, iii, pi. lxvii; Turton, p. 108; 

 Jenyns, Man. p, 408 ; Ekstrom, Morko, p. 12 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 183 ; Schlegel, 

 Dieren Neder. p. 113, pi. xi, f. 4. 



Leuciscus rutilus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 188 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) i, p. 348, 

 c. fig. (ed. 2) i, p. 399 (ed. 3) i, p. 433 ; Nord. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii, 

 p. 489 ; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 266 ; Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 130 ; Kroyer, 

 Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 435, c. fig. ; Fries and Eks. Skand. Fisk. p. 72, t. xv : White, 

 Catal. p. 65 ; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 316 ; Heckel and Kner, Suss. w. f. 

 p. 169, f. 91 ; Siebold, Suss. w. f. p. 184 ; Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 382 ; 

 Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 212 ; Collett, Norges Fisk. p. 180 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 557 ; 

 Feddersen, p. 89 ; Houghton, Brit. F. W. Fish. p. 33, c. fig. ; Moreau, Poiss. 

 France, iii, p. 413. 



Tinea rutilus, Swainson, Fish, ii, p. 285. 



Gardonus rutilus, Bonap. Cyp. Eur. p. 7. 



Leuciscus prasinus and decipiens, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch. i. 



Leuciscus selysii, jeses, and rutiloides, Selys-Longch. Faun. Belg. p. 210,. c. fig. 



Leuciscus pausingeri, Heckel and KLner, 1. c. 



Leuciscus palleus, Blanchard, 1. c. p. 386. 



Roach, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 47, pi. exci. 



* The names proposed for subgenera of this genus belonging to the new world are omitted. 



