CYPRINID.E. 181 



Artedi, Gen. p. 5, no. 13. Graining, Pennant, 1. c. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 367 (Ed. 1812) 

 iii, p. 484; Bowdich, Brit. Freshwater Fishes, pi. xi. 



Cyprinus grislagine, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 592 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1425 ; Bonn. 

 Enc. Ich. p. 197, pi. lxxx, f. 332 ; Fries, and Ekst. Skan. Fauna Fisk. p. 69, 

 pi. xiv. 



Cyprinus leuciscus, Linn. 1. c. p. 528 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1424 ; Bloch, Fische 

 Deuts. iii, p. 141, t. xcvii, f. 1 ; Bl. Schn. p. 440 ; Bonn. Ency. Ich. p. 196, 

 pi. Ixxix, f. 331 ; Lacep. v, p. 572 ; Pallas, Zoo. Ross. -As. iii, p. 318 ; Donovan, 

 Brit. Fish, iv, pi. lxxvii ; Turton, p. 109 ; Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 362; Jenyns, Man. 

 p. 410; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 184; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 116, pi. xii, f. 1. 



Cyprinus dobula, Linn. 1. c. p. 528 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1424 ; Bloch, 1. c. i, p. 42, 

 t. v ; Bl. Schn. p. 435 ; Lacep. v, p. 573; Jenyns, 1. c. p. 409; Yarrell, Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. xvii, p. 9 ; White, Catal. p. 64 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 185. 



Cyprinus Lancastriensis, Shaw, Zool. v, p. 234 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 411. 



Cyprinus graining, Walb. Artedi, iii, p. 36. 



Leuciscus vulgaris, Fleming, Brit. An. p. 187; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) i, 

 p. 353, c. fig. (ed. 2) i, p. 404, (ed. 3) i, p. 428 ; Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 202 ; 

 Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 227 ; Houghton, Brit. F. W. Fishes, p. 41, c. fig. 



Leuciscus argenteus, rostratus, rodeus, and majalis, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. 

 Neuch. i, 1835. 



Leuciscus jaculus, Jurine, LacLeman, Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Gen. iii, pi. xiv. 



Tinea dobula and leuciscus, Swainson, Fish, ii, p. 285. 



Leuciscus Lancastriensis, Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, p. 7, pi. ii, f. 1, Brit. 

 Fish. (ed. 1) i, p. 355, c. fig. (ed. 2) i, p. 406 (ed. 3) i, p. 430 ; Cuv. and Yal. 

 xvii, p. 216; Swainson, ii, p. 285; Thompson, Ireland, iv, p. 140; White, 

 Catal. p. 66. 



Leuciscus grislagine, Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 303 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, 

 iii, p. 472, c fig. ; Collett, Norges Fisk. p. 181 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 562. 



Leuciscus dobula, Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 2) i, p. 397, c. fig. (ed. 3) i, p. 425 ; 

 Kroyer, 1. c. p. 463. 



Leuciscus burdigalensis, Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 218. 



Leuciscus leuciscus, White, Catal. p. 6Q. 



Squalius leuciscus, lepusctdus, rodeus, rostratus, chalybceus, Heckel, Sitz. ak. 

 Wiss. Wien. 1852 ; Feddersen, p. 88 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 425. 



Squalius bearnensis and burdigalensis, Blanchard, Poissons France, pp. 400, 405. 



Lobule, dace, and graining, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, pp. 51, 54, 59, pis. 

 exciii, exciv, exevi ; Houghton, Brit. Freshwater Fishes, p. 41, c. fig. 



B. iii, D.9-10 ( 2 y 3 )> P. 15-16, V. 9-10, A. 10-11 (f;f), C. 19-20, L. 1. 48-52, 

 L. tr. 8|/6|, Vert. fflf^. 



Length of head 5j, of caudal fin 5|, height of body 4f in the total length. 

 Eye — situated slightly above the centre of the depth of the head, diameter ^ of 

 the length of the head, 1\ diameters from the end of the snout and also apart. 

 Suborbital ring of bones narrow. Body oblong and somewhat elongated, sides 

 compressed. Cleft of mouth rather shallow, the posterior extremity of the 

 maxilla reaching to almost beneath the front edge of the eye, lower jaw shorter 

 than the upper. Teeth — pharyngeal — somewhat hooked at their extremities, 

 5, 2 — 2, 5. Fins — dorsal commences about midway between the front edge of the 

 eye and the base of the caudal fin, the length of its base equals about two-thirds 

 the height of the longest undivided ray, which equals three-fourths of that of the 

 body below it ; its last rays half the height of its front ones ; upper edge of fin 

 concave. Pectoral inserted in the lower fourth of the depth of the body, as long 

 as the head excluding the snout, and pointed, it does not extend much more than 

 halfway to the base of the ventral, which latter is inserted on a vertical line 

 beneath the first few rays of the dorsal and does not reach the anal. Front edge 

 of anal in the commencement of the last third of the distance between the front 

 margin of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, the length of its base equals 

 three-fourths of the height of its front rays. Caudal rather deeply forked. 

 S<-,iles — four rows between the lateral-line and the base of the ventral fin, whei-e 



