CYPRINID^E. 185 



and attain a considerable size, Ireland, from north to sonth of the island, chiefly 

 in lakes and slow rivers. It is probably found in every county possessing suitable 

 localities. Rutty mentions the "Roche" as existing in the Liffey and Finglass 

 Brook : while Tenipleton observed of the Rudd, " exceedingly common in the 

 north of Ireland, where it is mistaken for the roach." 



Specimen figured nearly 9 inches long : it attains over 2 lb. Mr. Norman took 

 one in Norfolk weighing 31b. 1 oz. (Lowe). 



5. Leuciscus phoxinus, Plate CXXXIV, fig. 1. 



Phoximis, Belon. p. 322. Phoxinus belonii, Aldrov. p. 582. Minow, Willugh. 

 p. 268, t. Q8, f. 7 ; Ray, p. 125 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 373, pi. v, 

 f. 6 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 489. Cyprinus, sp. Artedi, Gen. p. 4, no. 9, Spec. p. 30, 

 no. 16, and Synon. p. 12, no. 22, 23, and p. 13, no. 29. Veron, Duham. Peches, 

 ii, p. 515, pi. xxvi, f. 7. 



Cyprinus phoxinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 528 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1422 ; Bl. 

 Pische Deiits. p. 60, t. viii, f. 5 ; Bonnat. Ency. Ich. p. 194, pi. lxxix, f. 528 ; 

 Shaw, Zool. v, p. 132 ; Bl. Schn. p. 437 ; Lacep. v, p. 571 ; Jurine, Poiss. Lac- 

 Leman, p. 229, pi. xiv ; Donovan, Brit. Fish, iii, pi. lx ; Turton, p. 109 ; Jenyns, 

 Man. p. 415 ; Johnston, Berwick. N. H. F. Club, 1838, i, p. 172 ; Ekstrom, Morko, 

 p. 26 ; Gronov. ed Gray, p. 185. 



Cyprinus aphya, Linn. 1. c. p. 528. 



Cyprinus rivularis, Pall. Zoo. Ross. -As. iii, p. 330. 



Leucisctcs phoxinus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 188; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 319; 

 Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 363 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) i, p. 372, c. fig. (ed. 2) 

 i, p. 423 (ed. 3) i, p. 442 ; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 268 ; Thompson, Nat. 

 Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 138 ; Swainson, ii, p. 285 ; White, Catal. p. 68 ; Giinther, 

 Catal. vii, p. 237 ; Giglioli, Catal. Pesc. Ital. p. 45. 



Phoxinus Icevis, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch. i, p. 37 ; Heckel and Kner, 

 Suss. w. f. p. 210, f. cxix and cxx ; Siebold, Suss. w. f. p. 222 ; Blanchard, Poiss. 

 France, p. 410, t. c. ; Canestrini, Fauna Ital. Pesc. p. 16 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, 

 iii, p. 392. 



Phoxinus marsilii, Heckel, Ann. Wien. Mus. i, p. 232. 



Phoxinus chrysoprasms, Nordmann, in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii, p, 482. 



Phoxinus aphya, Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, iii, p. 524, c. fig. ; Collett, Norges Fisk. 

 p. 183 ; Feddersen, Danske Fersk. Fiske, p. 91 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 564. 



Minnow, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 64, pi. cxcix, f. i; Houghton, Brit. 

 F. W. Fish. p. 63, c. fig. 



B. Ill, D 9-10 (e-V), P- 15, V. 9-10, A 10-11 ( T ? ¥ ), C. 19, L. 1, 80 to 90, 

 Vert. 21/19. 



Length of head 4£ to 5, of caudal fin 6 to 6%, height of body h\ to 5| in the 

 total length. Eyes — situated just in front of the middle of the length of the head, 

 about 1£ or 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. Snout 

 rounded ; mouth anterior ; the upper jaw projects a little beyond the lower when 

 the mouth is closed, the maxilla extends backwards to beneath the first third of 

 the eye. Barbels — absent. Teeth — pharyngeal, in 2 rows, conical and crooked 

 5-4, 2 | 2, 4-5. Gill-rakers — few and short. Fins — dorsal commences about mid- 

 way between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal fin, and slightly 

 behind the origin of the ventral : the base of the dorsal fin terminates in a lino 

 above the origin of the anal fin. Caudal emarginate. Scales — in the live fish 

 rather concealed in mucus. Lateral-line — incomplete. Colours — of a silvery 

 pink tint, especially during summer, darkest along the upper half of the body and 

 with numerous vertical bands descending from the back to the lateral-line and a 

 black spot at the centre of the base of the caudal fin. Fins silvery-gray. But the 

 colours are subject to great variation and mostly fine points of black are seen over 

 the entire body. Sometimes there is a black band along the side. 



Varieties. — Dr. Moreau finds the lateral-line in some instances continued on 

 ono (the left) side to the base of the caudal fin. Manley alludes to a golden 

 coloured one caught at the mouth of the Gadd, near Rickmons worth. 



