CYPRINID^E. 193 



Genus VII — Abramis, Cuvier. 



Blicca, Bliccopsis, Ballerus, and Albumus, sp. Heckel. Stilbe, De Kay. 

 Albumellus, Luxilus, sp. Richardsonius, Girard. Abramidopsis, Siebold. 



Body strongly compressed and elevated or oblong. Upper jaw protractile: lips 

 simple, the lower labial fold being interrupted opposite the symphysis of the lower 

 jaw. Barbels absent. Pharyngeal teeth in a single or double row, and notched near 

 their edge. Gill-raJcers short. Dorsal fin spineless, situated above and opposite the 

 interspace between the ventral and anal fins ; anal fins in European forms with 

 many rays (20-48). Scales of medium size. Lateral-line present and passing 

 to the base of the caudal fin. Abdomen, posterior to the ventral fins compressed 

 into an edge, but across which the scales do not extend. 



Geographical distribution. — North of the Alps in Europe, contiguous portions 

 of Asia, and also in North America. 



As food, generally not esteemed in this country but more so in parts of 

 Continental Europe, the French even having a proverb that "he who hath bream 

 in his pond may bid his friends welcome." 



A. Pharyngeal teeth in one row. — Abramis. 



1. Abramis brama, Plate CXXXV. 



Abramis fluviatilis, Belon. de Aquat. cap. vi, p. 317 ; Gesner, p. 376. Cyprinus 

 latus, Rondel, de Pise. Lac. p. 154 ; Schonev. p. 33 ; Aldrov. Pise. lib. v, c. 42 ; 

 pp. 641, 642 ; Gronov. Zooph. p. 110, no. 345 ; Jonston, lib. iii, t. iii, c. viii, 

 p. 165, t. xxix, f. 5 ; Ray, Pise. p. 116 ; Willugh. p. 248, t. Q10, f. 4. Bream, 

 Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 362, pi. lxx, (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 478 ; Bowdich, 

 no. 18. Cyprinus. Artedi, Gen. p. 6, no. 17, Spec. p. 20, no. 10, Synon. p. 4, no. 2. 

 Brama, Klein, Pise. MSS. v, p. 61, no. 1. 



Cyprinus brama, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 531 ; Bloch, Ichthyologie, i, p. 76, 

 t. xiii ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1436 ; Shaw, v, t. 124 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 202, 

 pi. ixxxiv, f. 346 ; Bl. Schn. p. 438 ; Lacep. v, pp. 500, 591 ; Pall. Zoo. Ross.- 

 As. iii, p. 325 ; Donovan, pi. xciii ; Turton, p. 108 ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 406 ; 

 Fries and Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 175, pi. xlii ; Templeton, Mag. N. H. 1837, (2) i, 

 p. 410 ; Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 9 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 106, pi. xii, f. 3 j 

 Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 180 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 565. 



Abramis brama, Flem. Brit. An. p. 187 ; Agass. Wiegm. Arch. 1838, p. 81 ; 

 Ekstrom, Morko, p. 30 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) i, p. 335, c. fig. (ed. 2) i, 

 p. 382 (ed. 3) i, p. 397 ; Swainson, Fish, ii, p. 285 ; White, Catal. Fish. Brit. 

 Mus. p. 62 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun, iv, p. 324 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, 

 p. 136 ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Ross. Merid. iii, p. 503 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fisk. iii, 

 p. 369, c. fig. ; Heckel and Kner, Suss. w. f . p. 104, f. 54 and 55 ; Siebold, 

 Suss. w. f. p. 121 ; Malmgren, Wieg. Arch, xx, p. 311 ; Blanchard, Poiss. France, 

 p. 351, fig. 73 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 300 ; Fedderscn, Danske Fers. Fiske, p. 85 ; 

 Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 183 ; Moreau, Poissons France, iii, p. 395. 



Abramis vetida, Heckel, Ann. Wien. Mus. i, 1835, p. 230, t. xx, f. 6 ; Heckel 

 and Kner, Suss. w. f . p. 108, f . 56 ; Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 60. 



Abramis microlepidotus and argyreus, Agass. Wiegm. Arch. 1838, p. 81 ; Cuv. 

 and Val. xvii, pp. 43, 45. 



Abramis gehini, Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 355. 



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