CYPRINIDJ3. 201 



Second Group— Cobitidin®. 



The loaches, or the second group of the true carps, is comprised of forms in 

 which the two lateral portions of the air-bladder are partially or entirely enclosed 

 in bone, enabling it to be employed as an acoustic organ. These are mostly small 

 fishes, and the two genera represented in Great Britain may thus be recognized : — 



With an erectile spine near the orbit . . . Cobitis. 



Without any . . . . . Nemacheilus. 



Genus IX — Cobitis, sp. Artedi. 

 Botia, sp. Gray. 



Body elongated and moderately compressed : back not elevated. Six barbels, all 

 of which belong to the upper jaw. A large erectile, bifid, suborbital spine. Borsal 

 fin short, and commencing nearly or quite opposite the ventrals. Caudal fin 

 truncated or rounded. The internal ray of the pectoral fin may be modified into a 

 flat osseous spine. 



1. Cobitis taenia, Plate CXXXVII, fig. 3. 



Cobitis aculeata, Rondel, ii, p. 204 ; Gesner, pp. 404, 482 ; Aldrov. v, p. 617 ; 

 Jonston, lib. iii, tit. i, c. xii, art. iii, p. 143, t. 26, f . 22, 23 ; Willughby, p. 265, 

 t. Q8, f. 3 ; Ray, Pise. p. 124. Tcenia cornuta, Willugh. 1. c. p. 226. Cobitis, sp. 

 Artedi, Gen. p. 2, no. 1, Species, p. 4, no. 1, and Synon. p. 3, no. 2 ; Gronov. Zooph. 

 no. 202. Enchelyopus, Klein, MSS. iv, p. 59, no. 4. 



Cobitis tcenia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 499 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1349 ; Blocb, 

 Icb. i, p. 326, t. xxxi, f. 2 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 148, pi. lxi, f . 242 ; 

 Bl. Schn. p. 434 ; Lacep. v, p. 9 ; Pallas, Zoo. Ross.-Asi. iii, p. 166 ; Miill. Prod. 

 Zoo. Dan. p. 47 ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 103 ; Plena. Brit. An. p. 189 ; Jenyns, 

 Manual, p. 417; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 345; Cuv. and Yal. xviii, p. 58; 

 Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 3) i, p. 452, c. fig.; Thompson, P. Z. Soc. 1837, p. 59; 

 Heckel and Kner, Suss. w. f. p. 303, f. 163 ; Costa, Faun. Nap. p. 31 ; Siebold, 

 Suss. w. f. p. 338 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 124, pi. ix, f. 6 ; Malmgren, Wieg. 

 Arch. 1864, p. 306 ; Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1865, Nov. 3rd ; Canestrini, 

 Arch. Zool. iv, 1866, p. 148, and Faun. Ital. Pesc. p. 20 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 569 ; 

 Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 285, fig. 54 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 362 ; Giglioli, 

 Pesc. Ital. Catal. p. 45 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 434. 



Botia tcenia, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 8 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 2) i, p. 432, c. fig.; 

 Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. iii, p. 564 ; White, Catal. p. 69 ; Feddersen, Danske F. Fiske, 

 p. 92. 



Acanthopsis tcenia, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Neuch. i, p. 36 ; Nord. in Demid. 

 Voy. Ross. Merid. iii, p. 468 ; Bonap. Pesc. Eur. p. 26. 



Cobitis elongata, Heckel and Kner, 1. c. p. 305, f. clxiv. 



Cobitis barbatnla, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 41. 



Cobitis larvata, De'Filipi, Mem. Ace. Turin, xix, p. 71 ; Canestrini, 1. c. p. 152. 



Spined loach, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 72, pi. excix, f. 3; Houghton, 

 British Freshwater Fishes, p. 66, c, fig. 



B. iii, D. 9-10 (|:|), P. 8-9, V. 6-7, A. 7-8 (V), C. 16. 



Length of head 5-| to 6, of caudal fin 61 to 7, height of body 7 to 9 in the total 

 length. Eyes — 5 to 6 diameters in the length of the head, and situated about its 

 centre, from 1^ to 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. 

 Body strongly compressed, more especially posterior to the dorsal fin. Mouth 



