SCYLLUD^E. 309 



Family IV— SCYLLTIMl. 



Spiracle3 present. Eye without any nictitating membrane. Mouth inferior. 

 Teeth small, several rows being generally in use. The first dorsal fin spineless, 

 placed above or behind the ventrals : an anal present, which may be in front 

 of, below, or behind the second dorsal. 



The following Genera have representatives in our seas : — 



1. Scyllium. — Upper edge of caiidal fin smooth. 



2. Pristiurus. — Snout much produced. A row of small flat spines along the 

 upper edge of the caudal fin. 



Genus I — Scyllium, Cuvier. 

 Scylliorhinus, Halcelnrus, Poroderma, and Cephaloscyllvum, Gill. 



Spiracles behind the eyes. Nasal cavities distinct from that of the mouth. Teeth 

 small, in many roivs, usually with a central and one or two lateral cusps. Origin of 

 anal fin in advance of that of the second dorsal : upper edge of caudal not serrated. 



Geographical distribution. — Temperate and tropical seas. 



These sharks or "dog-fishes" do not attain to a large size. Their ova aro 

 enclosed in a horny capsule. Of the two British forms, the first, 8. canicula, has 

 a single nasal flap and ventral fins separated ; the other, S. catulus, has the nasal 

 flap in two and the ventral fins almost conjoined. 



1. Scyllium canicula, Plate CLIX, fig 1. 



Galexis stellaris major, Belon. p. 53. Canicula Aristotelis, Rondel, p. 380. 

 Catulus minor, Salv. i, fol. 137, t. xlvi ; Aldrov. iii, c. xxxiv, p. 390 ; Jonston, p. 25, 

 t. viii, f. 2 ; Willughby, c. xvii, p. 64, t. B4, f. 2 ; Ray, Synop. Pise. p. 22. 

 Galeus capito rostroque brevissimis, Klein, Mss. iii, p. 10, no. 4. Squalus, sp. 

 Artedi, Gen. nos. 10 and 11 ; Gronov. Mus. ii, p. 44, no. 199, and Zoo. p. 32, no. 144. 

 Spotted dog-fish {male) and Lesser spotted dog-fish (female), Pennant, Brit. Zool. 

 (Ed. 1776) iii, pp. 113, 115, pi. xv, no. 46, 47, and Lesser spotted shark (Ed. 1812), 

 iii, pp. 148, 150, pi. xix. Lesser dog-fish, Low, Orkneys, p. 175. Grande rousette, 

 Duhamel, Peches, sect, ix, p. 304, pi. xxii, f. 1. 



Squalus canicula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 399 ; Bonn. Ency. Ich. p. 6, pi. vi, 

 f. 18 ; Turton, p. 112 ; Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 116. 



Squalus catulus, Linn, i, p. 400 ; Briinn. Ich. Massil. p. 5 ; Bloch, pi. cxiv ; 

 Gmel. Linn. p. 1490; O. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prod. p. 37 ; Lacep. i, p. 221; Shaw, 

 Zool. v, pt. 2, p. 334, pi. cli ; Bl. Schn. p. 127 ; Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 29 ; Donovan, 

 Brit. Fish, iii, pi. lv ; Fleming, p. 165 (male) ; Templeton, M. N. H. 1837 (2), 

 i, p. 413 ; Gronov. ed Gray, p. 5. 



Scyllium canicula, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pesc. iii, pi. exxi, 

 f. 1 ; Mull, and Henle, p. 6, pi. vii ; Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 495; Yarrell, Brit. 

 Fish. (ed. 1) ii, p. 367, c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, p. 487, (ed. 3) ii, p. 470 ; Parnell, Wern. 

 Mem. vii, p. 407 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Field Club, 1838, i, p. 175 ; Nibs. 

 Skand. Faun, iv, p. 710; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 316; Thompson, Nat. Hiflt. 

 Ireland, iv, p. 247 ; Kroyer, Danm. Fiske, iii, p. 814, c. fig. ; White, Catal. p. 123 ; 

 Dumcril,. Ich. i, p. 315 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 194, pi. xviii, f. 4 ; Bocage and 

 Capello, Peix. Plagios. p. 11 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 402 ; Collett, Norges 

 Fiske, p. 210 ; Winther, Prod. Dan. Mar. p. 57 ; Canestrini, Faun, d'ltalia, Pesc. 

 p. 50 ; Giglioli, Catal. Pesc. Ital. p. 52 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 619 ; Moreau, Poiss. 

 de la France, i, p. 278, f. 34, 35. 



Galeus catulus and caniculus, Rafin. Ind. Ittiol. Sicil. p. 16. 

 Scyllium caniculum, Gray, Catal. Cart. Fish. p. 29. 

 Scylliorhinus catulus, Blain. Fauna Fran. p. 69, pi, xvii, f. 1. 



