350 PLAGIOSTOMATA. 



Family V— TRYGONID^. 



Disk wide : pectorals continued to the end of the snout, where they become 

 confluent. Tail long, slender, and without any lateral folds. Vertical fins, when 

 present, imperfectly developed or modified into a serrated spine. 



These fishes are found in tropical and temperate seas. 



Genus I — Trygon, Adanson. 



PLimantura, Hemiirygon and Hypolophus, Mull, and Henle : Dasyatis, Rafin. : 

 Paratrygon, Dumeril : Pastinaca, Swainson. 



Disk oval or rhomboidal : tail elongated and tapering. Nasal valves coalescent, 

 forming a quadrangular flap. Teeth flattened or with a central point or transverse 

 ridge. Pectoral fins united anteriorly : tail destitute of a fin, or if with a cutaneous 

 fold, such does not extend to its extremity : it is armed superiorly with one or two 

 lanceolate spines serrated on both sides. Body smooth or with tubercles. 



Geographical distribution. — Temperate and tropical seas, being more common 

 in the latter than in the former. 



1. Trygon pastinaca, Plate CLXXY. . 



Pastinaca marina, Belon. p. 94 ; Rondel, p. 331 ; Salvian. p. 144, t. xlix ; 

 Jonston, p. 32, pi. ix, f. 7 ; Willughby, p. 67, t. C3 ; Ray, Synop. Pise. 24. Baia, 

 sp. 324, Artedi, Synon, p. 100, Genera, p. 71 ; Gronov. Mus. Icb. i, p. 64, no. 141 

 and Zoo no. 158. Sting-ray, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776) iii, p. 95 (ed. 1812) 

 iii, p. 125 ; Duhamel, Peches, iii, sect, ix, p. 282, pi. ix, f. 8. 



Baia pastinaca, Linn, i, p. 396 ; Bloch, t. 82 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 3, 

 pi. ii, fig. 8; Gmel. Linn. p. 1509; Lacepede, i, p. 114; Bl. Schn. p. 460; 

 Donovan, Brit. Pishes, v, pi. xcix ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 112; Risso, Ich. Nice, 

 p. 10. 



Trygon vulgaris, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 1 60 ; Moreau. Poiss. de la France, i, 

 p. 448, fig. 77. 



Trygonobatus pastinaca, Blainv. Fauna France, p. 35, pi. vi, f . 1, 2. 



Trygon lymma, Geoff. St. Hil. Desc. Eg. Poiss. p. 219, pi. xxvii, f. 1. 



Trygon pastinaca, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 170; Bonap. Fauna 

 Ital. Pesc. p. 33, c. fig. ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 518 ; Tarrell, Brit. (ed. 1) ii, p. 442 

 c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, p. 588 (ed. 3) ii, p. 591 ; Mull, and Henle, p. 161 ; Miss. Skand. 

 Fauna, iv, p. 741; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, (2) i, p. 413; Parnell, 

 Wern. Mem. vii, p. 440, pi. xliii ; Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. iii, p. 1018, c. fig. ; Gray, 

 Cat. Cart. Fish. p. 118 ; White, Catal. p. 142 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, 

 p, 263 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 201, pi. xix, f . 3 ; Dumeril, Ich. i, p. 600 ; 

 Gunther, Catal. viii, p. 478 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 617 ; Winther, Prod. Ich. Dan. Mar. 

 p. 61; Canestrini, Fauna d'ltal. Pesc. p. 59; Giglioli, Cat. Pesc. Ital. p. 55. 



Baia sayi, Lesueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1817, i, p. 42. 



Trygon alcajei, Mull, and Henle, p. 165, t. liii ; Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss. 

 p. 308 ; Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. ii, Japan, iv, p. 44 ; Dumeril, 1. c. 

 p. 604. 



Trygon sayi, Mull, and Henle, 1. c. p. 166 ; Dumeril, 1. c. p. 603. 



Myliobatis sayi, Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad, ii, p. 514. 



Pastinaca olivacea, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 319. 



Pastinaca lo3vis, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 11. 



SHng-ray, Couch, Fishes Brit. Isles, i, p. 130, pi. xxxi. 



