i 
May, 1911.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131 
be a ground for exceptions, which we must, however, abstain from 
extending or copying. Finally, in the absence of rule, or where the 
consequences of rules are doubtful, established custom becomes law. 
3. Each natural group of plants can bear in science only one valid 
designation, namely, the oldest, provided that it is in conformity with the 
rules of nomenclature. 
4. The designation of a group by one or more names is not for the 
purpose of describing its charactor or history, but in order that it may be 
readily identified when the name is used. 
5. No one should change a name or a combination of names without 
serious motives, based on a more profound knowledge of the facts, or the 
necessity of giving up a nomenclature that is contrary to rules. 
6. Botanical and horticultural nomenclature begin with 1753 for all 
groups of vascular plants. 
Article 2.—For the designation of specific horticultural varieties and 
simple forms the employment of a binomial, with the author’s name, is 
obligatory. 
The use of Latin to designate horticultural varieties is not authorised 
except when it expresses the characters of the plants, as nanum, fastigiatum, 
&c. The use of Latin proper names is not permitted for these varieties. 
Names of varieties should always be written in Latin characters. 
Article 3.—When the name ofa variety expressed in a common language 
is transferred to another language, it should not be translated, but should 
be retained as originally published. 
Article 4.—Names of varieties should be expressed whenever possible by 
a single word; it is, however, permissible to employ three words as a 
maximum. . 
The same rule applies to the specific names of hybrids. 
Article s.—The publication of a variety in a dated horticultural 
Catalogue is valid if accompanied by a description, but without a descrip- 
tion, either in a Catalogue or in the published report of an exhibition, it is 
not considered valid, unless accompanied by a figure. 
It is desirable that descriptions of new varieties published in 
horticultural Catalogues should be reproduced in periodical horticultural 
publications. 
Article 6.—The description of a new variety or a new hybrid, to be 
valid, should be given either in English, French, German, Italian, or Latin. 
Article 7.—Hybrids between species of the same genus, or presumedly 
so, are designated by a name and a formula. 
The name should be distinguished from specific names by the sign X 
placed before the generic name. oe 
The formula, placed in parentheses, should give the specific names of - 
