82 0. C. Marsh— Restoration of Brontosaurus. 
and each foot-print must have been about a square yard in 
extent. The tail was large, and nearly all the bones solid. 
The diminutive head will first attract attention, as it 
smaller in A a to the body than in any vertebrate hitherto 
known. ‘The entire skull is less in diameter or actual weight 
than the foieesh or fifth cervical vertebra. 
careful estimate of the size of Brontosaurus, as here re- 
stored, shows that when living the animal must have weighed 
more than twenty tons. The very small head and brain, and 
slender neural cord, indicate a stupid, slow moving reptile. 
The beast was wholly without offensive or defensive weapons, 
or dermal armature. 
In habits, Brontosaurus was more or less amphibious, and 
its food was probably aquatic plants or other succulent veg- 
etation. The remains are usually found in localities where the 
animals had evidently become mire 
Am e new points in the skull of the Sauropoda recently 
determined are the following : 
PiruiTary Fossa. 
In Morosaurus, the pituitary fossa is comparatively shallow, 
much like that in the crocodile, and many birds, being con- 
nected with the under surface of the skull by the two usual 
expanding below, communicates “aaa a wide transverse orifice 
with the changes cavity. The arterial foramina are here 
canals ng 8 covered over with bone, an open just within ng 
Baa Spsthe Bongs. ~ 
n two ea of the Sauropoda, (Morosaurus and Bronto- 
sar) and probably in all members of this order, there is a 
pair of small bones connected with the skull which have not 
ar nee coe observed in any vertebrates. These bones, which 
may be called the post-occipital bones, were found in position in 
one specimen, and with the skull in several others, When in 
