134 DeCandolles Origin of Cultwated Plants. 
the identity of Phaseolus vulgaris with the beans cultivated by 
the Indians at the first coming of Kuropeans. ‘These were, 
from the first, distinguished, as “ Jndian beans,” from the garden 
beans (Vicia Faba) introduced by the English. In 1609, Hud- 
son, exploring the river which bears his name, saw at an Indian 
village—in the vicinity of Schodac and Castleton, Rensellaer 
county, N. Y.—‘‘a great quantity of maize or Indian corn, and 
beans of the last year’s growth” (Hudson’s Journal, in De Laet, 
1625, b. iii. ch. 10, and Juet’s, in Purchas: N. Y. Hist. Soe. 
Coll.., 2 Ser., i. 300, 325). 
1631-42. The Indians of New Netherland “make use of 
French beans of different colours, which they plant among their 
maize.... The maize stalks serve, instead of the poles which 
we use in our Fatherland, for the beans to grow upon” (De 
Vries, Voyages, transl. in 2 N. Y. Hist. Soc., iii. 107). 
1658. Van der Donck, in his “ Description of the New Neth- 
the large Windsor bean [Vicia Faba] ...and the horse bean 
will not fill out their pods....The Turkish beans which our 
people have introduced there grow wonderfully. ... Before the 
2 
arrival of the Netherlanders [1614] the Indians raised beans of 
various kinds and colours, but generally too coarse to be eaten 
any species of Phaseolus, into North America. Van der Donck’s 
book was written more than forty years after Hudson’s coming, 
and the author first arrived in New Netherland in 1642. His 
statement as to the introduction by the Dutch of the best kind 
of “Turkish beans” for “snaps,” salad, or pickling, is not to 
be accepted without reserve; but the fact that Turkish beans 
“prow wonderfully, fill out remarkably well, and are much 
cultivated,” while the imported Windsor beans [ Vicva Faba| 
and horse-beans proved failures is to be noted. 
Wood, who was in Massachusetts from 1629 to 1633, says 
that the Indians, “in winter-time have all manner of fowles, 
Indian beanes, and clams” (N. E. Prospect, pt. 2, ch. 6). Roger 
Williams, 1648, gives the Indian name of these beans, in the 
Narraganset dialect: Manusqussed-ash (plural) ; Cotton’s Massa- 
chusetts vocabulary (1727-8) has (sing.) “ Ménasquisset, an In- 
dian bean ;” President Stiles, about 1760, heard the name in the 
Pequot dialect as Mushquissedes (MS. Vocab.); Zeisberger, 1776 
and 1808, wrote it in the Delaware, with dialectic modification, 
alachait ; and we can’trace it in the modern Shyenne Monisk 
