222 Hague and Iddings— Volcanoes of 
ArT. XXVI.— Notes on the Volcanoes of Northern California, 
Oregon and Washington Territory ; by ARNOLD HaGuE and 
JosepH P. Ipprnes, of the U. S. Geological Survey. 
DvrRING the autumn of 1870 the geologists attached to the 
Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel made a prelim- 
inary reconnaissance of several of the extinct volcanic cones of 
Northern California, Oregon and Washington Territory for the 
purpose of planning detailed investigations of the principal 
volcanoes of the Sierra and Cascade Ranges. A further study 
of these volcanoes however was never undertaken, and although 
the explorers brought back most interesting geological and 
lithological material the results and observations of the work 
have never been published, with the exception of an announce- 
ment in this Journal for March, 1871, of “The discovery of 
actual glaciers on the mountains of the Pacific Slope,” and a 
popular paper on “The voleanoes of the United States Pacific 
Coast,” read by Mr. S. F. Emmons before the American Geo- 
graphical Society, March 13th, 1877. 
Among the more prominent peaks along this belt of voleanic 
cones may be mentioned Lassen’s Peak and Mount Shasta in 
California; Mount Pitt, Three Sisters, Mount Jefferson and 
Mount Hood in Oregon; and Mounts St. Helens, Adams, 
Rainier and Baker in Washington Territory. From this long 
line of volcanoes the geologists of the Fortieth Parallel Survey 
selected for the purpose of exploration the four peaks which, 
from their size, position and geological relations, might be taken 
as typical of the chain. Mr. Clarence King explored the two 
great cones of California; at the same time, Mr. S. F. Emmons 
undertook the examination of Mount Rainier, while Mt. Hood 
was visited by one of the writers of the present article. The 
collections which they made at that time were deposited in the 
cabinet of the survey. 
fortieth ae of latitade, where the continuity of the bold 
crest of the Si . i 
by lower and less regular ridges. From Lassen’s Pea 
magnificent chain of volcanoes extends northward at irregular 
intervals for nearly five hundred miles. The principal volca- 
noes follow in general the axial lines of the Sierra and Cascade 
Ranges, breaking out either along the main line of upheaval or 
at short distances to the westward. Volcanic extrusions along 
fissure lines and flows of lava of greater or less extent unite 
the =“ peaks, forming a nearly continuous belt of igneous 
roc 
