344 J. D. Dana— Glacial ‘Phenomena 
On the eastern margin of the region the hills are of trap and 
sandstone; the largest of the trap ridges constitutes the western 
border of Lake Saltonstall. 
After this introduction, I will take up, first, the phenomena 
of the Glacial period, discussing the points in the following 
order: > 
1. The fact of a southward (S. by W.) movement in the 
lower ice of the glacier along the Connecticut valley, and the 
angle of slope of the surface of the ice in the direction of the 
valley. 
2. The fact of a southeastward movement (S.S.E. to §.H.) in 
the upper ice. 
3. The correlations of the two movements as to time and as 
to drift depositions. 
he direction of movement over Long Island Sound. 
5. The drift deposits, and the probable effects of the wrench- 
ing attending the change of direction which they exhibit. 
I. GuactaL PHENOMENA. 
1. The fact of a Connecticut valley movement and the probable sur- 
Jace-slope of the ice in the ditection of the valley. 
a. The fact of the valley movement.—The. fact of the valley 
movement I pointed out in 1871,* basing the conclusions on 
(1) observations in Massachusetts, by Professor Edward Hitch- 
cock, published in the Massachusetts Geological Report (1841), 
(2) observations in Vermont, from the Vermont Geological 
Report (1861), made chiefly by Professor C. H. Hitchcock, (8) 
a map of New Hampshire by the latter, giving the directions 
of glacial scratches, published in advance of the final Report on 
the Geology of that State, and (4) on my own investigations. 
The facts supplied by Professor Hdward Hitchcock, the earliest 
careful investigator of the subject on the continent, were sufli- 
cient alone to establish the truth announced; and he recognized 
it, but made the ice mainly that of icebergs. The same con- 
clusion is presented in the Vermont Report. But in the New 
Hampshire Report, published in 1878, the movement is made 
by Professor ©. H. Hitchcock a glacier fhovement. 
The fact 7s proved by the glacial scratches. All observations from 
New Haven northward to Windsor in Vermont, 140 miles, 
give, with rare exceptions, courses between S. and S. 20° W. 
In the upper part of the valley, north of Windsor to Wells 
River, 60 miles, both southward and southeastward directions 
occur. : 
_It is proved also by the drift transportation. Of the drift mate- 
rial in the New Haven region, more than 99 per cent, including 
owlders innumerable, from one ton to 1200 tons in weight, 
* This Journal, II, li, 233, 
