352 J. D. Dana—Glacial Phenomena 
S. 10° E., into Surry; another 5 feet long, 35 miles, S. 8° E. 
into Keene; others, 42 miles, S. 20° E., to the west base of 
Monadnock ; along with which large bowlders, occur many 
others of smaller size. 
t-is thus evident that a glacial movement in a direction 
crossing the valley south-southeastward is as well established 
as that in the direction of the valley. North of Windsor evi- 
dence of both movements occurs, as already stated ; southeast- 
ward scratches are most common. 
3. Correlations of the two movements as to time and drift- 
depositions. 
a. he valley movement continued until the general glacier-flow 
in the region ceased. For the scratches in the direction of the 
valley are the last that were then made. They are not only 
scratches, but over the sandstone often deep ploughings; not 
of occasional occurrence, but universal, every fresh removal of 
soil from the rock bringing them to light, and showing in 
Connecticut, as far as observed, no marks of any later trans 
verse movement. 
b. The valley movement was cotemporaneous throughout with 
the general giacier-flow. This follows from the statement on 
page 349 as to the thickness of the ice and the angle of slope 
required for a valley movement. It is indeed a necessary con- 
sequence of the fact that thickening the ice over a valley to 
maximum thickness would increasingly facilitate the flow 1n 
its direction, notwithstanding any transverse motion in the 
general ice-mass; and a thinning that would finally leave it a 
local glacier would enfeeble its motion or stop it altogether. 
Consequently valley-movements, with exceptions in a moun- 
tain region, were not those characterizing the beginning or end 
of the Glacial era, but the movements that prevailed through 
its height. e two went on together, an upper general flow 
over a lower valley flow. : 
c. But it may be questioned whether the upper flow kept us 
course unchanged quite across the great valley of the Connecticut 
in the States of Massachusetts and Connecticut. 
case of the Connecticut valley in Vermont and Massachusetts, 
the facts above cited as to transported bowlders about the 
region of Amherst and Massachusetts being evidence. About 
