398 D. P. Penhallow—Herbage of Permanent Meadow. 
with experiments, where exact considerations of the influence 
of season are concerne 
It is interesting to note that, as the vegetation advanced 
under the influence of cultivation, the plants found on the plots 
came to represent a total of 22 orders, 63 genera and 89 species. 
In the miscellaneous orders the numbers ranged from six to one 
species each. As the authors remark, however, ape figures 
do ‘‘ not give any idea of the degree of predominance or of the , 
absolute quantities of any phe ag species, or of the number 
of species on any individual plot. 
Further Lie discussions deal with the Sap stee oe: be- 
tween plants ;” the “Organisation by means of which they 
maintain or improve their position, or succumb in competition 
with others ;” “‘ Hostile competition,” and other important con- 
BS. ; Z 
aaa § oa 
BES 2 as 
est | € | ge 
Boa E, 3° 3 
as be 3 ao 
oF pe a e 
Without manure _._.| 1792°% | 213°4| 654°0 opi 
400 lbs. ammonia salts alone 2652-1 8°3 | 496°2 ners 
550 Ibs, nitrate of soda —— 34365 | 14°1| 89371 | 4344 : 
275 Ibs. nitrate oda 3184 3°6 | 929°7 ‘ee 
Mixed mineral manures with A soreness ae ha 2841-1 |1010°6 | Tu2°8 pot 
Superphosphate of lime 2053°1 | 128°6 | 732°3 aden 
Mixed mineral manures oa potash. ioc 6... 2608'3 | 390°9 | 635°8 | 363 
400 lbs. ammonia salts with mixed geresay ma- 14:0 
nures 0 . potash 5191°3| 10°7| 672°0| 58 
400 lbs. monia salts with mixed mineral ma 
nures, poked and 3 000 Ibs. cut wheat epaions 5852°5| 11°5| 550°5 6414°0 
me lbs. ammonia salts with mixed mineral m 
ures an potash 6268°6 0°5 | 329°7 | 65980 
800 lbs. ammonia salts with wae mineral ma- 957-0 
nures, including ates and silicates_..._..... 7041°6| 0-0] 2162 | 725 
550 Ibs. nitrate of soda an ory ‘alae ma- 40 
nures, including potash 5790°1| 41°9| 512°8 | 634 
400 lbs. ammonia salts and superphosphate of 
ime: set 37110 | 2-2 | 536°5 | 4250°0 
400 lbs. ammonia salts and mixed mineral ma- 3-0 
nures, igo! and without potash.--.......-. | 45140 3°3| 5757 | 509 
Ammonia s alone for 13 pea followed by 9-0 
come ae manures each year since.______ 2799-1| 85°6| 787°3 | 367 
275 . Ibs esas of soda gor da mixed mineral 2-0 
nures, including potash _| 444 989-2 | 699°8 | 542: 
Farmyard manure alone 3404-5 | 141°6| 758°7 43088 
Farmyard manure and ammonia salts-._..___._- 4225:3| 26-1] 67341 4928" 
siderations in connection with which the valuable observations 
of Hoffmann, Negeli, Sachs, Nobbe and Darwin are cited. In- 
