A. Gray—Botanical Nomenclature. 431 
published by them for Nuttall. If these have all to be per- 
manently quoted “ Nutt. in Torr. & Gray,” why not also the 
many species published, say by Bentham in DeCandolle’s Pro- 
dromus, in the Flora Brasiliensis, etc., and even the species 
published by Brown in the second edition of the Hortus Kew- 
ensis, and elsewhere? On the whole it seems probable that 
these double citations will be used only in first or in early quo- 
tations, or in special instances; that it will not be deemed 
necessary to retain them when the names become settled 
In Floras or general works, except in the bibliography or 
full reference ; when, of course the ‘Leptocaulis inermis Nutt., 
m DC. Coll. Mem. , x. 10, et Prodr, v. 107,” will fall 
appear. But so long as the abbreviated citation of author and 
publisher together is requisite, the mode of citation recom- 
mended by DeCandolle is the one to be employed 
A quite different case is that of citing, as authority for a 
genus or species, the name of a botanist which is not upon the 
record. There is reason to believe that L. C. Bicued edited 
edition, it is because he claimed them in his lifetime, rather 
than because they have been collected and republished under 
his name singe his death. Only confusion will come from the 
admission of hypothetical constructive authorship. The old 
rule that, what does not appear is no better than non-existent, 
must apply to all such eases. 
In the comments upon article 52, the duty of abbreviatin 
authors’ names in the normal way is insisted on, and the ba 
practice of doing so by leaving out the vowels is deprecated. — 
Micha. for Michaux, which is partially shortened in this way, 
was a necessity on account of the ancient botanist Micheli. But 
7m. for Crouan is intolerable. Such a name need not be abbre- 
viated at all. Monosyllabic names should rarely if ever be eur- 
tailed. R. Br. has so long been used for Robert Brown that it 
may continue to be used, although Brown is better. In the 
other form, it may be counted among the few cases in which 
tnitial letters are used instead of the first syllable and first 
‘Consonant of the second,—cases which should: probably be 
restricted to the Z. for Linnzeus, DC. for DeCandolle, H. BK. 
for Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. We are not sure that 
DeCandolle would favor the latter. 
