IE NT IN SS al. gee ee en ST ep 
Botany and Zoology. 163 
to show that the Vacciniew should rank only as a suborder of 
Ericacece 
5. Causes determining the Distribution cs Oceanic life in 
depth.—Prof. T. Fucas has published an important paper on this 
subject in the Vicuna Geological Verhandlungen, No. 4, for 1882.* 
e arrives at the conclusion that while temperature is a chief 
cause of the distribution of littoral species, amount of light is the 
prominent limiting cause in depth; and that this cause determines 
the limit between “that which we distinguish as a littoral fauna 
a dee ~ fauna;” in other words, “ that the littoral fauna is 
an 
alah but t he fauna of light, and the deep-sea Fauna the fauna . 
darkness; : and that this is true also for the main part in fresh 
pater In kes. 
Prof. Fuchs remarks that the limit to which light Spay | 
les is to 
downward, according to Secchi, Pourta and Bougu 
h 
Deep-sea Corals. Brachiopods. Authori 
60 fathoms. 30 fathoms. M’ Andrew a Barrett. 
5 F 
English Ooms os orbes. 
Bay of Biscay___.. .8F 31 Fischer. 
Mediterranean ____- 50 50 
Vite A exrnaag and ment 
ae ‘rig ssler Expedi 
Philippine Ce as Sem mper. 
Cruise of the Gazelle re Studer. 
itreous Spo r 
Those of the mg lippines live at depths not below 100 es 
and several species occur r Barbadoes, between 80 and 1 
fat 2 Bg Heens with numerous apeite of pte corals and pecs 
crin 
= translated (by . Dallas), in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ‘for January. The 
ab stract is ma e fro e iy 
+ The following are enumerated as the t characteristic c types of the deep- 
corals, Oculinide, Cryptohelia and "arous cof os eseaed B hacd Vitreous 
Sponges; Cri hizocri 1 
. Inoids, Echinothuriz, Pourtalesiz, ‘Ananchytide ; of “A sterioi " Brisings re 
Temas of the oe mages att hes, ribbon-like in form, of the fi eS 
hidi 
