212 A. R. Grote—Sphingide of North America. 
To return to the test of generic characters offered by our 
Sphingide on a comparison with allied forms elsewhere, I show 
that our Smerinthi belong to several distinct genera, based on 
the form of the wing, the nervalation, the peculiarities of the 
vestiture, shape of body, structure of palpi and antenne. The 
genus Smerinthus of Latreille is based on the Ocellatus L. of 
Europe. We have one species from California, Ophthalmacus 
Bd., and its varietal form Pallidulus Edw., which is strictly 
congeneric with Ocellatus. Usually a case like this is used to 
show the greater resemblance of the western fauna with that of 
Europe as compared with our eastern animals. But I believe 
we should regard it as showing that both are descended from a 
Tertiary cireumpolar fauna, and that the occasion for the differ- 
ing distribution is due to the topography of the country, The — 
migration which took place in the latter part of the Tertiary 
seems to be proved by the present location of such forms. e 
ky Mountains played an important part in the distribution 
of animals, dividing races, and limiting the range of species. 
In other papers I have attempted to show that the peopling of 
Copimamestra Brassice in ornamentation, hairy eyes, tbial 
claw and thoracic structure. Such a discovery (just published 
by me) cannot be explained otherwise than that both were 
connected in former ages, and are remnants of a circumpolar 
fauna. The genus has not crossed the tropics. In the Smer- 
y ith two species, 
Modesta of Harris and Oceidentalis of Edwards. An apparent 
larval modification of Afodesta has been announced as a distinct 
species from Louisiana under the name of Cablei. But though 
the discoverer of Cab/ei, that there must be some mistake about 
it, and the species stands on a bad footing. But this genus 18 
numerously represented by closely allied forms in Asia, as We 
