j 
4 
3 
F 
5 
4 
A 
4 
; 
Botany and Zoology. 237 
leaves of Painted-cup, Poinsettia, and Salvia splendens, or these 
attractive leaves have also taken their origin from stamens! 
as modifications of stamens or as modifications of green leaves is, 
according to our apa mainly a question of mode of concep- 
tion. Some good morphological evidence may be adduced for 
either. Mr. Allen’s study of the case by evdlaonary deduction 
is interesting and — It has the advantage of making 
an appeal to facts open to Mee Rang We are by no means 
convinced that the fate: sustain 
4, Direct teapes of ie: pose of Water in Plants, 
M. Junien Ves Ann. des Sc. Nat., XV, 1) has devised a sim- 
ple method of demonstrating the transfer of water in the stems of 
plants, which promises o have a wide application. The stem is 
introduced under the cover. “Te ae lowe have not bones rem ov. 
from the stem, a rapid current is at once observed to flow Aone 
the cut surface. The insoluble salt collects at the open ey of 
the vessels, often passing into the capi llary tubes after a tempo- 
rary arrest, and the same phenomenon is ah ee a seit awe 
as the minute plugs are formed and then sucke 
ith te ow powers of the microscope it is poeaible to use a sec- 
ond slip instead of the thin cover, and then the simple apparatus 
can be held more firmly in its olin: In ~* case it is possible to 
measure the rapidity of the current ie of a micrometric 
oe rg several such rates are 
Wh stem is quickly stripped of its leaves the current is 
stopped sa once. But when, on the other hand, a leaf or a part of 
the stem is pinched, there is immediately a backward flow of water. 
It is well known that two conflicting views have been — by 
physiologists as to the channel by which the upward movement 
of water in wood takes ve ace. Some think that the transfe is 
me a subordinate role. oa these anes vines may be added 
a 
the paper regarding the method of direct demonstration, whic’ 
