244 DeCandolle’s Origin of Cultivated Plants. 
left out of view. So also are the sweet-herbs of the kitchen 
garden, and all condiments, except Horse-radish. Plants cul- 
tivated for their fruits and seeds occupy the closing chapters. _ 
Among the latter the Cotton-plantis placed. The arrangement — 
matters little, and that adopted may be the most convenient. 
_ A good index makes ready reference to any topic 
In the order of the book we come first to Helianthus tuberosus, 
the Topinambour of the French, Jerusalem Artichoke of the Eng- 
lish ; in the United States the tubers simply called artichokes. 
Almost all we know of the origin and source of these esculent 
tubers has been recovered since the publication of DeCandolle’s 
earlier work, in 1855. Although the contemporary accounts 
specified its introduction from Canada, and Linneus so cites it 
in the Hortus Cliffortianus, the suheegtient reference to Brazil 
was followed without question down to DeCandolle’s Prodro- 
mus; and the present author, in the work above mentioned, 
doubted the Canadian as well as the Brazilian origin. It now 
appears that Schlechtendal (in Bot. Zeitung, 1858) was the first 
to recover a part of the documentary history. Our own 
et on the subject—to which there is nothing of importance 
—was contributed to this Journal for May, 1877. 
Singularly, it has remained unknown to DeCandolle, although 
it is referred to at the close of Decaisne’s independent a and eX- 
haustive article, in the Flore des Serres, 1881. 
It can now be said that the wild plant to which Helianthus 
tuberosus has been traced is not A. doronicoides Lam., although 
it was confounded with that species in Torrey and Gray’s Flora. 
Lamarck’s plant is a sessile-leaved species. Decaisne’s remark 
t sus is the only species of the genus which is at 
all tuberiferous may be qualified. A form of what appears '0 
*In = reference was made to Le opebind: mention of roots ‘ Bg comme 
naveau ans un gett retirant — ring etc., and cited hi 4 
la men France, in the edition ot 1612 (p. 40). a subsequent edition (1618), 
cited by M. DeCandolle, pons bot adds that o had brought these roots into 
France, where they began sold under the name of Topinambauz, and that 
their Indian name was Thiquedi. On this last point, Lescarbot was wrong. 
Chi j was an eastern Algonkin name for the tubers of Apios tuberosa, the 
common “ ground nuts,”—not for those of Helianthus tuberosus. It is easy to se¢ 
how Lescarbot was misled. Father Biard’s Relation de la Nowv. Faas was 
printed in 1616, and in it (chap. 22) voor is mention of certain “ racines, appel- 
lées en Sauvage Chiquebi,” whieh grow spontaneously under oaks: “elles sont 
comme des truffes, mais meilleu _ et aon. ssent sous terre en, "une a Vautre — 
en forme de chapelet,” etc. Lesca bot doubtless ca selight the name from Biard, and 
misapplied it. Father Paul Le Séak (Relation, 1634, chap. 7) mentions these 
ground-nuts, “une racine que nos Francois appellent des chapelets, eas ee elle 
istin ar e grains.” Le "in 
2 
e 
b=] 
bg 
& 
oF 
_@ 
© 
=| 
3 
® 
fF 
£ 
S) 
J 
‘ 
Tupinamba Indians of Brazil—a division of the Tupi-Guarani family—had been 
allies of the French in the 16th century, and their name was probably well 
known in France through the sbeaione of J. de Lery and other voyagers. Les- 
carbot (Hist. de la N. F,, 1612, p. 178) follows tint in writing the name Zouow- 
pinambaoult. 3. B. f 
