380 Scientific Intelligence. 
was 3°4 and 9°8 respectively. Moreover, the contraction observed 
on mixing salt solutions of different strengths, is the difference 
between the contraction produced by the dilution of the strong 
one down to the mean strength C, and the expansion due to the 
concentration of the weak solution up to the mean, E; C—k= 
observed contraction. Hence Cy, —Ex, =99, and Cx —Ex=87, 
the sum being 186; while Cy, —Ex=92 and C,—Ey, =96, the 
h 
salts for water. (2) That double decomposition takes place in 
solution and that the volume change is an index and even a 
aqueous or alcoholic solutions, when tested with a drop ither he 
solution of rosolic acid or of phenol-phthalein ; its salts react ac 
If, therefore, an alkali solution be added to the solution of an an 
taken from the aniline was determined and in every case 
whole was removed. This complete displacement of aniline i? 
other bases is in entire accordance with Berthelot’s principle "i 
maximum work, the heat of combination between these bases 2” 
hydrochloric acid being as follows: KHO 13-7 calories ; Nab’ 
13-7; (BaH,O,),, 13°8; NH, 12:3; (CH.).N 8-7; C,H,, H, 
e 
place under these conditions, is not sustained by these experr 
ments, stronger bases displacing totally the weaker. Nor ons 
Berthollet’s theory of mass find any support here. In a seco! 
series of experiments, Menschutkin pn? 3 twice the quantity 
aniline salt with the same result. Moreover the reactions ¢ 
