•/. W. Sj,<i,rrf — T -rnhTx <il„nif Lakr Ontario. 411 



gher up, on the side of the escarpment north of the 



t the mouth of Glen Spencer), and not distant from the 



last beach, there are still the fragmentary remains of stratified 



i (at the mouth of Glen Spencer), and not distant from thi 

 beach, there are still the fragmentary remains 

 gravel and sand rising to 335 feet above the lak 



i probab a1 a former time, but has been 



removed from the steep side of the so-called -'mountain." It 

 is composed of a mixture of Niagara and Hudson Kiver pebbles 

 and sand, with a few crystalline pebbles. Farther up the Dun- 

 das valley and near Ancaster, this same beach is represented in 

 fragments on some of the hills. But there they are composed 

 more largely of fine materials of Hudson River age, with only 

 slabs of Niagara rocks (being farther removed from the escarp- 

 ment). 



7. Westward of Ancaster village, and near the watershed 

 between the present Dundas valley (at an estimated height of 

 440 feet above the lake), there is another beach composed 

 largely of Hudson River pebbles, and showing much oblique 

 bedding, dipping at 23 degrees to the southeastward. Farther 

 southeastward we again 1 id an old »en< at tl same elevation 

 adjacent to the Grand River. 



8. On top of the Niagara escarpment, just north of the village 

 of Waterdown, there is a beach of very fine gravel at a height 

 of about 500 feet above Lake Ontario. 



From the study of the beaches in the Dundas valley there 

 appears to have been simply a gradual recession of the water 

 with comparatively few sudden changes of level— the most 

 sudden being lid ween the deposit of the terrace at 116 feet 

 above, and that at the present lake level. 



Between Toronto and Lake Simcoe, Mr. Thomas Roy, in 

 1^7. measured beaches at JlO, 210. 2S2, 3 1 0, 340. 402,' 422, 

 502, 558, 626, 682, 734, 764 feet respectively above Lake On- 

 tario. In addition to these gravel beaches, others at 600 feet, 

 ; "id, on descending toward Georgian Bay (along the Northern 

 520, 388 and 354 feet, have been measured. Along 

 tl'« Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, which extends in a 

 direction north of west from Toronto to the highest portions 

 °f the peninsula of Ontario, and crossing the "Artemcsia 

 Gravel" ridges, there arc a number of conspicuous beds of 

 r s :md and gravel, which follow contour lines more or less closely. 

 The elevations of some of the most conspicuous of these de- 

 bits were furnished bv the kindness of Edmund Wra-'e. Fwp, 



neer of the Railway. They are at L60, 280, 870, 



710, 990, 1120, 1310 feet respectively above Lake Ontario. 



Af '<'r pa-in-' the summit of the r<> ;t d, at 1462 feet above the 

 i: 'M'. tla-r.' are extensive gravel Wds at, 1310 feet, and from 

 1000 to 697 feet above the same datum, along the main line, 

 and along the western branch at 1290, 1130, 1050, 870, 850 



