@. 0. Broadhead— Carboniferous Rocks of Kansas. 55 
Art. XI.—The oe Rocks of Southeast Kansas ; by 
. BROADHEAD. 
AT the eastern boundary of Miami County, Kansas, we find 
the high lands to vary from 950 to 1050 feet above the sea, the 
valleys being 875 to 910. In the Neosho Valley the elevation 
at Neosho Falls is about 1000 feet. Up to this place and a 
little farther we pass over a gently sloping country. It then 
rises more rapidly, being 1150 feet on higher land. West of 
the Verdigris the country rises more rapidly and is more rugged. 
In Osage County coal is profitably mined, which, according 
to Prof. Mudge belongs to the Lower Coal-measures. The 
Lower Coal-measures pass southwardly along the Neosho 
Valley which seems to occupy a trough in these measures, but 
eastwardly, including Miami County, the northern half of An- 
derson and the county northwardly, only the upper series are 
exposed, Apes with similar measures in Missouri 
West e Verdigris River the Upper Coal-measures also 
extend bai soon disappear beneath the “ Permian.” The main 
procncuse Coal-measures of Southeast Kansas lie south of 
iami County. Passing from Paola southwestwardly to Green- 
wood County, we find only a thin coal-seam Gee soalty mined 
but with no profitable result. Near the line of Greenwood and 
Woodson Counties a seam of less than a foot thickness is some- 
times mined. This is the most western exposure of coal 
ee to the Carboniferous formation. In the western part 
f W ounty the lowest exposed 
rock is 50 feet of coarse sandstone which I have referred to the 
Lower Coal-measures, but only a few fragmentary remains of 
plants were found in it. Above this are thin limestone beds 
full of Pusulina uae and nearly 200 feet more of sand- 
stone, with other limestone beds above, containing well known 
Carboniferous fossils, including Fusulina oo and Cheetetes 
he step now is more rapid to the “ Perm 
_ Entering the State near the line of Cowles and Viera 
counties, we find ourselves upon a long dividing ridge exten 
me and well defined for seventy miles northwardly. 
his ridge is much higher than the country either east or 
west of it, and is known in southern Kansas as the “ Flint Hills,” 
on account of numerous fragments of flint lying strewn over the 
surface. It includes the Permian rocks of Kansas and might 
appropriately be termed the ‘‘ Permian Mountains.” Its elevation 
above the sea is 1560 feet near Greenfield, in northeast part of 
Cowley County 1600 feet; and the highest point near the corner 
of Greenwood, Elk and ‘Butler about 1700 feet. This is the 
