56 G. C. Broadhead— Carboniferous Rocks of Kansas. 
highest ground east of Arkansas and Walnut Valley. On the 
west side of this ridge the descent is gentle and scarcely per- 
ceptible, being 390 feet in 25 miles to the Arkansas Valley. 
On the east the descent is more abrupt, the ridge presenting 
Is of limestone separated by shaly slopes, and the 
hills descend 350 feet in four miles or 390 feet in six miles, and 
in some places the descent is still more abrupt. From the main 
ridge sharp spurs extend off from six to ten miles eastwardly. 
From the peculiar rough character of the eastern face of this 
ridge good wagon passes are often distant as much as ten miles. 
e approaches to this ridge from Fall River Valley is by a 
succession of terraces or A sgt of upper Carboniferous rocks. 
At Twin Falls we are on a lower terrace elevated about 1000 
feet save the sea. The second terrace is reached six miles 
ciraeabadcorineliog | at 1160 to 1180 feet. This terrace occupies 
a large area of the eastern part of Greenwood County with most 
of Elk. "The elevation of the next terrace is about 1300 feet 
above the sea and it reaches to the foot hills of the Permian and 
the slopes above blend with the Permian. This will include 
altogether about 500 feet of Upper Coal-measure rocks in this 
part ; of Kansas which lie below the Permo-carboniferous. These 
beds are mainly shaly sandstones with occasional limestone 
beds, and as far as observed contain one coal bed of seven inches 
with two beds of bituminous shale, and one other coal seam of 
five inches thickness appears just Sanaa the Permian. ‘The 
Permian or Permo-carboniferous of the “ Flint Hills” include a 
total of about 500 feet thickness. The following section I have 
ne from several taken within twenty miles 
ixty-two feet including chert layers with ‘thin beds of 
shaly drab- colored limestone; the highest rocks seen in “ Flint 
ridges,” observe ryoxoa with Athyris subtilita, Productus 
costatus and Hemipronites crenistria. 
2. Ninety eo Bald thin limestone layers chiefly disinte- 
sire 3 on ex 
Seven feet bel of porous chert resting on limestone. 
He peracuta found everywhere. A Phillipsia was also ob 
4. Eighty-five feet chiefly drab shales with some thin layers 
of limestone and red shale near lower part. Fossils are very 
abundant and can be picked up in a finely preserved state, and 
include Fistulipora (2), Productus Nebrascensis, tas semireticulatus, 
5. Five feet of bluish drab and aonietithes buff limestone 
containing Humicrotis Hawni, Myalina perattenuata, Aviculopec- 
ten occidentalis. [This bed is ‘easily recognized wherever seen.] 
ea UN ean eg ea igi | ue pe 
