Geology and Mineralogy. 158 
region, and the eee gpostionr and structure of the several 
“veins” (beds), a 
Mr. walter. in a cone read before the American Institute ie 
Mining Engineers, states that his plan includes the exhibition o 
the sheets, besides surface features, underground doiite curve 
lines of the chief coal-beds in the individual districts, the area 
worked out, and that under development of the contour ed bed, all 
gangways, tunne s, adits, overlying ele underlying the contoured 
bed, represented by a eohiaatoaet color and line for each bed; so 
that, the maps will give the areas worked out and undeveloped, the 
atrucire and positions of the beds, es bala of coal, and the 
obable structure of the undeveloped a 
Land-plants in the Middle Siherian ‘of North Wales.—Dr. 
Henry Hicks describes (Proc. Geol. Soc., May 25, 1881), isan 
of Lycopodiaceons plants referred b him to Dawson’s gen 
Psilophyton, spherical bodies resembling the Pachytheca of Sir J. 
D. ¥ numerous minute bodies supposed to be micros- 
pores of Lycopodiacex, besides seaweeds, from the Denbighshire 
grits, near Corwen, in North Wales. The associated graptolites 
were, according to Mr. Hopkinson, partly Middle : and partly Upper 
Silurian forms, some being Llandovery eens here dying out, and 
aoe and VI of Dinkeeosne incisivus, which are sublished 
also in the Proceedings of the American 5 lag p Nae Society, 
vol. xix, p. 56 (see this Journal, xxi, In the American 
Naturalist for February last he has published a list of the Fishes, 
Batrachians and yee of the Permian of the United States, 
numbering in all 51 
10. Life. Mee of ‘Spirifer levis, by Prof. Henry 8, Williams, 
Ph.D.—Prof, Williams’s paper on Spirifer levis, an abstract of 
which is ass in the twentieth volume (1880) of this Jou urnal, has 
been published in full in the Annals of the New York Acac demy 
of Sager vol. i 
Ceateieal Society of London.—At the annual meeting of 
ths darn Society in February, the Wollaston gold medal was 
aay ee to Prof. P. Martixy Duncan; the Murchison medal to 
Prof. ArcuipaLD GEIkte; the Lyell medal to ey J. W. Dawson, 
of Montreal; the Bigsby medal, to Prof. 
12. On the Optical Characters and Cry i System of some 
important Minerals.—The results obtained by the more exact 
methods of ripeevetts employed in mineralogy in the past few 
years have led to change of a considerable number of min- 
erals to systems of a oer grade of symmetry than those to 
which they had previously been assigned. The classical memoir 
_ of Mallard (Ann. + des Mines, vol. x, 1876) has had a strong influ- 
ence in this direction. In it he sustained this change for some of 
the best Sea species ial those which had been accepted as ial 
