Sir John Lubbock’s Address. 281 
into the water; sometimes whole villages were burnt, and their 
contents submerged; and thus we have been able to recover, 
from the waters of oblivion in which they had rested for more 
than 2,000 years, not only the arms and tools of this ancient 
people, the bones of their animals, their pottery and orna- 
ments, but the stuffs they wore, the grain they had stored up 
for future use, even fruits and cakes of bread. 
ut this bronze-using people were not the earliest occupants 
of Kurope. The contents of ancient tombs give evidence of 
atime when metal was unknown. ‘This also was confirmed 
by the evidence then unexpectedly received from the Swiss 
lakes. By the side of the bronze-age villages were others, not 
less extensive, in which, while implements of stone and bone 
were discovered literally by thousands, not a trace of metal 
was met with. The shell-mounds or refuse-heaps accumulated 
by the ancient fishermen along the shores of Denmark, and 
carefully examined by Steenstrup, Worsaae, and other Danish 
naturalists, fully confirmed the existence of a “Stone Age.” 
have still much to learn, I need bardly say, about this 
Stone-age people, but it is surprising how much has been made | 
out. Evans truly observes, in his admirable work on “Ancient 
Stone Implements,” “that so far as external appliances are con- 
cerned, they are almost as fully represented as would be those 
but the reindeer had already retreated to the North. 
No bones of the reindeer, no fragment of any of the extinct mam- 
malia, have been found in any of the Swiss lake-villages or in 
any of the thousands of the tumuli which have been opened in 
our own country or in Central and Southern Kurope. Yet the 
contents of caves and of river-gravels afford abundant evidence 
that there was a time when the mammoth and rhinoceros, the 
musk-ox and reindeer, the cave lion and hyena, the great bear 
and the gigantic Irish elk wandered in our woods nd valleys, — 
and the Upocsolaan floated in our rivers; when 
are by the researches of many continental naturalists, and in 
our own country of MacEnery and Godwin-Austen, Prestwich 
