- 
The Retreat of the Glacier. 563 
even through ih coldest season; that (5) sub-glacial Reus 
flowing out from beneath the discharging glacier, woul 
transported fine earth and clay, the results of glacier sesnicis 
from the top of Se nig pee nunatak. Of these, on sree Oxyria, Trisetum, 
Silene, and Cassiope are a the Arctic species lef caer Sat ite Mountains, 
while the Saxifr aa is found ¢ on the Green Mountains ‘ie y-) 
e of fiords and islands along Western Greenlan us 30 ‘to 60 miles wide, 
1 
1 . 3. 
rior ice is be a 30 miles distant from Cape Farew ell. although near 
Hie aid the reader in understanding ag? haa ons in Greenland, the following 
matal ent are — — fh nm Rink: mean annual temperature at Lichte- 
poe in 60°31. a gf potas in 64° 8’ N., 27°8 F.; at Jakob- 
shavn, in hed _ pie 29: 6 ¥; ne Ae sedge or in 72° 48’ N., 13°3 F.; at Jakobshavn, 
3 FE. to 45° 8 F. to 
“pe yi 40 
i sides 8, meters ; and enc by the side, 0°2 meters per day. This rate is 
times greater than has been observed in the Alps and — confirmation. 
The rate for the waalio glacier of the fiord of Tors sukatak, in ma 
half less. rapid flow of the former he attributes to the beasbure of the mass 
of the interior ice. 
Hel at atelier aN in his views over the ge ice from five high peaks of 
the fiord border, between 69° 10’ N. and 71° 15’ N., he saw only ice, like a great 
sea, lying at a much ower level than these pho but ove] ~— nland and 
forming an undulating sky-line. The surface of the glacie’ sce — was 
mostly free from stones, except at the margin. At the Galisbaianen:A 
ch f i 7a 
s the i 
e. but at a slower rate. He observes also that the amount of glacier dis- 
charge as ice is far less than that which passes out as water beneath the gla- 
cier. The mean amount of mud discharged by the waters flowing from 6 glaciers 
he found to be in July and Jet 1875, 727 grams in 1 cubic meter of oe 
ad in 100,000 grams very nearly). rdi e fishin oe 
anders, the depth of the y akotetiavh fiord is about 390 meters, or 1 
