Geology and Natural History. 155 
The report of the Commissioner states that only three years 
more of work are needed to complete the survey ; and it has been 
said rightly, that if continued and finished as proposed, it will 
be one of the most complete works of the kind ever accomplished, 
and will be worth to the State and its citizens many times its 
comparatively trifling cost. 
é report of Mr. Ashburner on McKean County, including the 
Bradford oil-region, has been recently issued, and will be noticed 
in another number of this Journal. 
8. The Quaternary after the Era of the cave-animals in Europe. 
—M. Tarpy, in a paper in the Bulletin of the Geological Society 
of France for April 7, 1879, states that a bed of gravel, sands and 
clays, called red diluvium (“ diluviums rouges”), occurs over a 
large part of France and the adjoining countries, covering the 
less and other deposits containing remains o ve-animals, 
Mammoth and in many places human remains or relics 
near Paris and from there extends south. bert describes 
it about Bordeaux; and Casiano de Prado states that it overlies 
the stratified diluvium which contains bones of the Elephas 
primigenius and rolled pebbles, near Madrid, extending over the 
plateau of New Castille. Near Madrid it has an elevation of 660 
1 ‘ 
are for the most part angular, and the beds show little stratifica- 
tion. The age to which this “red alluvium” is referred by Tardy 
is between the era of the mammoth and cave-animals (the equiva- 
lent of the Champlain period) and that of the neolithic beds or 
domesticated animals of Europe (or that of ‘the early part of the 
modern period 
anew and deepened.—Professor Joun J. STEVENSON has described 
(Proc. Am. Phil. oc., Aug., 1880) cases of re-eroded channel- 
ways on the Canadian and Mora Rivers, near Fort Union, in New 
Mexico. The original cafions of these rivers were cuts a thousand 
that of the top of the basalt. Mr. Stevenson’s paper contains a 
Section of the two streams two miles above their junction, show- 
ing similar features in the two as to the depth of the basalt and 
th he new narrow channel cut through it into the subjacent 
sandstone, In other parts of the streams, the new channel follows 
the margin of the basalt. The basalt is that of a volcano seven 
miles east of Fort Union in the southern extremity of the Turkey 
Mountains, Entering the Mora cafion, the liquid rock flowed 
