the facts. 
302 E. A. Smith— Geology of F lorida. 
“hammock” land, where an earthy, partly disintegrated lime- 
stone mingles with the surface soil. Reference to tables of 
elevations appended below, will show that this hammock land, 
is sixty feet higher than the sandy plain of Ocala. My own 
observations in the interior confirm the statement of Conrad 
with reference to the Gulf Coast near Tampa that the Tertiary 
limestone is certain to be the substratum of all the ‘“ ham- 
mock”’ land.* 
From Sumter County I have no specimens of the limestone, 
but from statements made by the inhabitants, there seems to 
be little if any doubt that the rock which outcrops in the 
western and southern parts of the county toward Tampa, 18 
Vicksburg limestone. It is described to me as being in parta 
mass of shells, in part earthy and disintegrated, in part flinty, 
all well known characters of this formation in Florida, and its 
use in the construction of chimneys in that part of the county, 
is at least suggestive of its age. 
We have thus traced the Vicksburg limestone, by its actual 
outcrops, from Jackson County in West Florida, through Middle 
Florida, into South Florida below Ocala in Marion Co. The 
observations of Conrad, Tuomey and others, prove its occur- 
rence at Tampa and probably at Charlotte Harbor. That 1t 
underlies also the other counties of West Florida, and part of 
those south of Sumter nearly to the Everglades + is open to 
very little doubt, still we must draw a sharp line of dis- 
tinction between what has actually been proven by personal 
observation, and what is only an inference from the facts 
observed, however strongly the inference may be supported by 
In Orange County between Sanford and Lake Apopka, there 
are several large sulphur springs of the kind already men- 
— affording streams navigable by small steamers. _ Three 
0 i k 
ever, there is a bluff of limestone some ten feet in height, and 
from this I was able to collect a number of fossils. They 
the following species: Pecten Madisonius, Venus a 
dita granulata, ¢ Carditamera arata, Mytiloconcha incurva ; doubt- 
* This Journal, IT, vol. ii, p. 43. : 
+ From the distribution of the Vicksburg limestone in the lower part of the 
peninsula, I am strongly inclined to believe that it will be found on further exam- 
ination, to underlie a part, at least of the Everglades. 
¢ Also Pliocene. 
