386 T. Carnelley—Existence of Ice and other 
following plan, involving the principle of the cryophorus, was 
adopted. 
A strong glass bottle, such as is used for freezing water by 
means of Carré’s pump, was fitted with a cork and glass tube C 
(fig. 1), and the cork well fastened down by copper wire and 
paraffin wax. A and C were then filled with mercury, an 
connected with the end of the tube DE by means of the piece 
of stout india-rubber pump tubing B, a thermometer having 
been previously attached by the wire a to the lip of the tube at 
B. The connection at B was made tight by fine copper wire. 
The tube DE was about one inch in diameter, and about four 
feet long from the bend to the end E; after connection with C 
it was completely filled with mercury, care being taken to expel 
the air from A, C an as completely as possible; the whole 
was then inverted over the mercurial trough F, as shown in the 
figure, when the mercury fell to 0, the ordinary height of the 
barometer. The mercury was run out of A by tilting up the 
bottle and inclining the tube DE. By this means a Torricel- 
lian vacuum was obtained from A too. DE was next brought 
to the vertical, and the bottle A placed in the trough P. A tin 
bottle G without a bottom was fitted with a cork, so that it 
might slide somewhat stiffly along DE. 
To begin with, the tin bottle was placed in the position G and 
from the lower portions of the ice column being imprisoned and 
unable to escape, and hence producing pressure sufficient to 
cause fusion. 
When the greater part of the ice had been melted the tube 
was tightly clasped by the hand, the heat of which was suff- 
cient to produce a somewhat violent ebullition. The liquid in 
