316 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1913. 
rock on which many amateurs get wrecked in the cultivation of this 
gorgeous family. 
THunias which have lost their leaves may have the old dried-up pseudo- 
bulbs cut away, the new being thoroughly cleaned and the plants put in a 
dry moderately cool temperature to rest. A similar position to that given 
to deciduous Dendrobiums will answer their requirements. In large 
gardens these plants are most useful, and will repay any trouble bestowed 
upon them to flower them satisfactorily. 
CALANTHES.—All species and hybrids of deciduous Calanthes that are 
pushing up their flower spikes from the base of the newly-made pseudobulbs 
should be afforded space to develop, and as much light as possible, and also 
receive water at the roots whenever they become dry. The late-flowering 
varieties, such as C. Regnieri, should have an occasional watering with 
weak liquid manure. When the flowers begin to expand drier conditions 
must prevail, as a damp humid atmosphere soon causes them to spot 
or become discoloured and fall off. Whilst opening their flowers a 
temperature of at least 65° should be maintained, but as soon as the 
blooms are expanded the plants may be placed in a house with a 
temperature a few degrees lower, where they will last much longer in 
good condition. As the plants cast their foliage the water supply at the 
roots should be reduced. 
C@LOGYNE CRISTATA and its varieties, which have now completed their 
growth, must have the plentiful supply of water hitherto afforded them 
considerably curtailed, as until after flowering they will only require 
sufficient to keep the pseudobulbs plump and healthy. At no season of the 
year, however, should they be allowed to become quite dry. At the present 
season they should receive all the light and air that can be afforded them 
in the Cool Intermediate house. It is not advisable to allow those plants 
to flower that were made up last spring. unless they are well rooted and 
re-established. 
Vanpas.—The end of the present month is the best time of the year to 
thoroughly overhaul plants of V. tricolor and V. suavis, especially those 
that have grown leggy and require shaking out of their rooting material. 
There will be far less loss of foliage when this operation is undertaken at 
this season than when postponed to a later period. These plants must not 
be exposed to strong light at any time, and a cool, damp, and shaded 
position in the Cattleya house will be of the greatest assistance in 
‘re-establishing themselves without loss of foliage. Although not such 
favourites as they once were, a well-grown plant with foliage down to the 
pot is a delightful object. Clean sphagnum moss mixed with small broken 
crocks forms a suitable compost, and it is very important to fix the plants 
firmly in their pots, and to prevent the taller specimens from swaying 
