302 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OctopeR, 1912 
than has been previously advised, as should the supply be excessive great 
harm may accrue. Rather err in keeping the atmosphere on the dry side 
than in a saturated condition, especially if the outside conditions are cold 
and wet. 
_ VENTILATION.—Owing to the amount of moisture in the atmosphere 
outside, air should be admitted in all departments whenever the conditions 
are favourable, but it must be given with discretion, and draughts must be 
avoided. 
WaATERING.—We have now reached the season of the year when the 
watering of Orchids becomes a study, and no plant should have water 
applied to it unless absolutely necessary, and then it should have sufficient 
to thoroughly moisten the compost. No hard and fast rule can be laid 
down, as individual plants vary considerably, and every effort should be 
made to understand their requirements. 
DeENpRosIUMS that have finished their growth should be thoroughly 
cleaned and placed in their winter quarters in the resting house, where 
they should receive all the light possible, and only sufficient water to prevent 
shrivelling. 
DeEcIDUOUS CALANTHES.—Plants of C. Veitchii, C. Bryan, C. William 
Murray, and other hybrids of the vestita section, are now showing their flower 
spikes from the base of the newly-made pseudobulbs. The plants should 
be afforded ample space and as much light as possible, and water should be 
applied to them whenever they become dry. The later-flowering varieties 
of the C. Regnieri section are also making up their new bulbs, and still 
need abundance of water at the roots, with an occasional watering with 
liquid manure. As the flowers begin to expand the atmosphere must be 
kept drier than when the plants were in full growth. The temperature at 
night should not be allowed to fall below 65° until the flowers are expanded, 
when they may be placed in a house a few degrees lower, where the flowers 
will last considerably longer than they would in a high temperature. 
THUNIAS.—Owing to the sunless season, these plants have not yet lost 
their leaves, although having been in their resting quarters for some 
considerable time. Whilst the foliage remains green the plants must still 
be supplied with water at the root whenever they become dry. Itisalso a 
good plan to syringe the plants occasionally, especially the undersides of 
the leaves, to keep them free from red spider and other insect pests, which 
are sometimes troublesome. 
OncipiuMs.—In the Cool house, several species of Oncidium, such as 
O. crispum, O. Forbesii, O. varicosum, and others, will be developing 
flower spikes and preparing to bloom. It is very easy for these plants to 
exhaust themselves so much by overflowering that they are useless 
afterwards. To prevent this, the spikes should: be removed from weakly 
