ATLANT. DEEP-SEA EXPED. 1910 VOL. Ill] 



BRACHIOPODA, LAMELLIBR. ETC. 



11 



Neptunea pubescens from Martha's Vineyard, 366 — 472 

 m., which mr. H. Friele has obtained from mr. Verrill. 

 The samples agreed both as to form and sculpture. 



N. pubescens is a West Atlantic species distributed 

 from Cape Hateras to the banks south of Newfoundland. 

 Its bathymetrical range lies between 33 and 1239 m., 

 though according to miss Katherine I. Bush in the 

 living state only between 113 and 1171 m. 1 ) 



Neptunea (Sipho) abyssorum, P. Fischer. 



Fusus abyssorum, P. Fischer, Journ. Conch, vol. 31. 1883, p. 391. 



19 /4, St. 10, lat. 45° 26' N., long. 9° 20' W., 4700 

 m., yellow mud, temp. 2°56C. Two living and three dead 

 specimens, measuring 10—27 mm. in height and 6 — 15 

 mm. in largest diameter, besides the uppermost part of 

 the spire of two other specimens, one of which must 

 have been very large. 



N. abyssorum is at home in the great depths of the 

 North Atlantic. It is recorded from the Bay of Biscay, 

 the west coast of North Africa, the Azores, the Sargasso 

 Sea and the coast of New England. Its bathymetrical 

 range lies between 1200 and 4789 m. 



Neptunea (Sipho) curta, Jeffreys. 



Fusus curtus, Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, vol. 4, 1867, p. 336. 



9 — 10 / 8 , st. 102, lat. 60° 57' N., long. 4° 38' W., 

 1098 m., dark sand and clay. Two specimens measuring 

 in height 37 and 34 mm., in largest diameter 14.5 and 

 15.5 respectively. 



I have designated this species according to the view 

 maintained by Friele in his monograph of the Buccinidae 

 from the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition 2 ). The 

 specimens otherwise agree best with Fusus sabini, de- 

 scribed by Jeffreys from the collections of the "Triton" 3 ). 

 Of that species I have had the opportunity of examining 

 two specimens mr. Friele received from mr. Jeffreys. 



Six out of the eleven stations at which the "Voringen" 

 took Neptunea curta belong to the cold area of the 

 Norwegian Sea, the temperature ranging between 0° and 

 -h 1°4 C, and the depth from 249 to 1203 m. Of the 

 other five two are situated between Norway and Spits- 

 bergen in depths of 225 and 408 m., temperature + 1°5 

 and -f- 1°6 C. and three near the west coast of Spitzbergen, 

 in depths of 110 to 475 m., temperature -\- 0°7 to 

 -f- 1°1 C. Knipowitsch also records the species from 

 Spitzbergen, viz. from Storfiord and from Icefiord, with 

 a bottomtemperature between -)- 2° 5 and -s- 2° C. The 

 "Belgica" in 1905 took it off the east coast of Greenland 



*) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. 23 nr. 6, 1893, p. 211. 



2 ) Norw. N. Atlantic Exp., Mollusca I, 1882, p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 26, 

 pi. 2, fig. 1—11. 



3 ) Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 395 pi. 44, fig. 5. 



in 53 to 300 m., temperature between -\- 0°4 and -f- 

 1°79; the "Michael Sars" took it in 1902 off the coast 

 of Romsdal, Norway (st. 7,915 m., -f- 1°07 C); and the 

 "Triton" obtained it in the cold area of the Faroe — 

 Shetland Channel (st. 8, 1331 m., -+- 1°1 C, st. 9,1113 m., 

 -=- 1° 1 C). All these localities must be regarded as belonging 

 to the cold area of the Norwegian Sea, even if they had, 

 at the time in question, temperatures above the freezing 

 point. The hydrographical conditions are known to be 

 extremely variable in those waters and the bottom 

 temperature may accordingly be found sometimes above, 

 sometimes below, freezing point. Among the other 

 localities where the species has been taken some, — 

 e. g. Franz Joseph's Land, Franz Joseph's Fiord in East 

 Greenland, Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea and the Siberian 

 Polar Sea, belong to the "cold area", while to the 

 "warm area" belong the southwestern part of the Barents 

 Sea and most of the habitats along the west coast of 

 Greenland and the east coast of North America, where 

 Cape Cod marks the southern limit of distribution. 



Bearing all these facts in mind one may term 

 Neptunea curta an arctic species, with its centre of distri- 

 bution within the cold area, but capable of extending 

 into the boreal regions. Its bathymetrical range lies 

 between 8 and 2582 m., 1203 m. being, however the 

 greatest depth from which it has been taken in a 

 living state. 



Neptunea (Mohnia) mohni, Friele. 



Fusus mohni, Friele, Nyt Mag. f. Naturvidsk. vol. 23, 1877, p. 6. 



9 — 10 / 8 , st. 102, lat. 60° 57' N., long. 4° 38' W., 1098 

 m., dark sand and clay. Four living specimens and 

 fragment of fifth one. The largest is 19 mm. in height 

 and 10 mm. in greatest diameter. 



This species has also been taken by the "Triton" 

 in the cold area of the Faroe— Shetland Channel (st. 8, 

 1331 m., temp. ^- 1° 1 C). It is a pronounced citizen of 

 the deep sea, known only from the cold area of the 

 Norwegian Sea, with 1098 to 2992 m. as the known 

 bathymetrical range, and -=- 0°74 to -=- 1°6 as the range 

 of temperature. 



Trophonopsis (Trophon) grimaldi, Dautzenberg & H. Fischer. 



Troplion grimaldi, Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, Mem. Soc. Zool. 

 France vol. 9, 1896, p. 439 pi. 18, fig. 1—2. 



s / 5 , st. 21, lat. 35° 31' N., long. 6° 35' W., 535 m„ 

 yellow sand, temp. 11° 52 C, several specimens, the 

 largest 17.5 mm. high. 



6 / s , st. 23, lat. 35° 32' N„ long. 7° 7' W., 1215 m, 

 yellow mud, temp. 10° 97 C. One younger specimen. 



Trophonopsis grimaldi was discovered in the Mediter- 

 ranean by the "Princesse Alice", in 552—1122 metres 



GRIEG — 7 



