KR. BONNEVIE 



[REP. OF THE "MICHAEL SARS" NORTH 



Carinariidae. 



(PI. II, fig. 16—27). 



Heteropoda with a shell too narrow to cover the 

 whole body; without an operculum. The viscera are 

 concentrated into a nucleus wholly or partly covered by 

 the shell, while the rest of the body with the svimming 

 fin is largely swollen and covered by a more or less 

 transparent cutis. Males as well as females have a pair 

 of tentacles anterior to the eyes. 



This family includes three genera, two of which are 

 represented in the material from the "Michael Sars" 

 Expedition. 



Carinaria, Lamarck. 



Carinariidae with a shell covering the whole 

 nucleus, which is connected with the rest of the body 

 by a peduncle. The cutis of the latter is clear and 

 transparent, and in most species rather swollen. Males as 

 well as females have a sucker on the free border of 

 their swimming fin. 



Carinaria lamarcki, Peron and Lesueur. 



One shell without the animal, probably belonging 

 to this species, was taken at. St. 23 (35° 32' N., T T W.), 

 depth 1215 m., date 5 - 6 / 6 1910. Length of the shell 

 15 mm., height 9 mm. 



Carinaria lamarcki, Per. & Les., var challengeri, nov. 

 (PI. II, figs 16—25). 



Several small-sized specimens of Carinaria, the largest 

 measuring 30 — 40 mm. in length, were taken near Gibraltar 

 and off the African coast. 



The body has the shape of a bow, the back being 

 considerably longer than the ventral side (figs. 16 — 17). The 

 proboscis is wide, continuing the body forward without 

 any incision, nucleus and swimming-fin placed opposite 

 to each other at the border of the posterior 1 U of the body. 

 The rapidly tapering tail carries a dorsal fin and on the 

 ventral side of it one finds near the posterior end a pair 

 of transverse folds (fig. 20, 21, 24, 25 CI). These folds, 

 which may be covered by a dark pigment, are appa- 

 rently more highly developed in young individuals (fig. 25) 

 than in older ones (figs. 20, 24). 



The eyes (fig. 18) are broad-based, the greatest 

 width being about the same as the length. The circle 

 of the retinal base of the eyes is not quite closed, but 

 leaves a slit open on one side. 



The height of the nucleus is about half its greatest 

 length. The shell shows two whorls and a half, the 

 body-whorl being undulated, having ridges vertical to the 

 spiral line (fig. 25j. 



The cutis is clear and transparent, although with 

 numerous cutis-spots (c. sp. fig. 20). On some specimens 

 one also finds tubercles forming irregular groups along the 

 dorsal and ventral sides of the body (fig. 23 t.). 



The tail-fin rises abruptly at a distance behind the 

 nucleus, and gradually tapers towards the posterior end 

 of the tail, which in some individuals forms a short and 

 narrow tail filament (fig. 24). The two ventral folds of 

 the tail, which together seem to form a pair of claspers, 

 may be found widely spread (fig. 25) or more or less 

 tightly closed. Their pigment may be quite black or 

 brown or greyish. In the largest specimen the clasper 

 is inconspicuous (fig. 24). 



The swimming fin, which in both sexes carries a 

 sucker (s) on its posterior border, has a very coarse 

 musculature consisting of equally distributed fibres running 

 in two different directions obliquely from the base of 

 the fin to its free border. According to the degree of 

 contraction of these fibres the swimming fin may vary in 

 shape from a low rectangle to a high one. 



The radula (fig. 22) has a median plate with three 

 long and pointed spines somewhat diverging from each 

 other. On each side of these, in older individuals, or in 

 the older part of the radula small rudiments of a lateral 

 pair of spines are also found. The intermediate plates 

 (fig. 22 a) carry at their free ends a sharply pointed but 

 very thin and fragile secondary spine. Lateral plates sickle- 

 shaped, nearly as long as the intermediate ones. The 

 penis (fig. 20, 23 p), which is found on the right side of 

 the body of the males, in a line between nucleus and 

 swimming fin, consists of two finger-shaped protrusions 

 both fixed ventrally and diverging from each other towards 

 the dorsal side. 



There are many points of resemblance between this 

 species and C. lamarcki (C. mediterranean Vayssiere), so 

 many indeed, that for a long time I considered the speci- 

 mens from the "Michael Sars" Expedition merely as young 

 individuals of the much larger Mediterranean form. An 

 examination of sections through the nucleus of one indi- 

 viduales proves, however, that in our form sexual ripeness 

 is already attained in specimens 30 — 40 mm in length, 

 while C. lamarcki reaches a size of 220 mm. Most pro- 

 bably this is the form wich was described by Smith (1888) 

 from the "Challenger"-Expedition. I consider it a small- 

 sized variety of C. lamarcki. Among the smallest indi- 

 viduals in the material, 10 — 12 mm. in length, a few 

 (fig. 25) are very similar to the form described by Vayssiere 

 (1904) as C. pseudo-rugosa. His description seems, how- 

 ever to be based on a badly fixed specimen and it contains 

 no indication as to whether or not the individual had 

 reached sexual maturity. I am inclined to consider his 

 specimen of C. pseudo-rugosa, as well as the small Carl- 



