ATLANT. DEEP-SEA EXPED. 19J0. Vol. III.] 



ECHINODERMATA 



41 



taken in a number of localities between the Bay of 

 Biscay and the Cape Verde Is. According to Morten- 

 sen, it was collected by the "Talisman" off Morocco and 

 the Azores and Farran 1 ) records it from the west coast 

 of Ireland. The "Ingolf" obtained it south of Iceland 

 and the "Michael Sars" in 1902 south of the Faroe Is. 

 (stat. 76 A, 59° 28' N. 8° 1' W., 1100—1300 m., 8.07° 

 Cel.) as well as south of the Faroe — Iceland ridge (stat. 

 88, 63° 9' N. 13° 27' W., 880 m., 5.07° Cel.). Sperosoma 

 grimaldii is therefore an east Atlantic species, ranging 

 from 15° 17' to 63° 9' N. The bathymetrical distribution 

 300—2300 m. 



Hygrosoma petersi A. Agassiz. 

 Phormosoma petersi A. Agassiz, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. 8, 



1881, p. 76. 

 Vs. Stat. 25 A, 35° 36' N., 8° 25' W., 2300 m., yellow mud. 

 One large specimen, diameter 1^2 mm. 



23 / 5 . Stat. 41, 28° 8' N., 13° 35' W., 1365 m., yellow mud. 

 Two specimens, diameter 110 mm. and 130 mm. 



The primary spines were torn off in all of the speci- 

 mens. The specimen from stat. 25 A, however, was 

 pretty well preserved, also with respect to the colouring, 

 which was intensely dark-violet with spines and tubefeet 

 darker than the test. In the specimen depicted by Koehler 

 in "Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du 

 yacht l'Hirondelle" 2 ) the latter are lighter than the test. 



Hygrosoma petersi was first found by the "Blake' 

 off the West Indies and the east coast of North America 

 (between about 12° and 40° N.), where it was likewise 

 later taken by the "Albatross" (Mortensen) 3 ). The Prince 

 of Monaco obtained it off the Azores, where it was also 

 taken according to Mortensen by the "Talisman". It is 

 recorded by Koehler 4 ) under the name Phormosama 

 luculentum from the Bay of Biscay, and was also later 

 obtained there by the "Thor" (Mortensen) 5 ). The "Michael 

 Sars" localities are situated off Gibraltar and Cape Bojador' 

 Hygrosoma petersii must therefore range on the east 

 Atlantic side from 28° 8' to 49° 20' N. The bathymetrical 

 distribution on the west side of the Atlantic is 730— 

 2240 m., on the east side 1165—2870 m. 



Salenia profundi Duncan. 

 Salenia profundi Duncan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 20, 



1877, p. 70. 

 18 / 7 . Stat. 88, 45° 26' N., 25° 5' W., 3120 m., sand and yellow 

 mud, temp. 2.5° Cel. 18 specimens, diameter 10 — 14 mm. 



The "Michael Sars" found several specimens of this 

 species in 1902 on the slope of the Faroe-Iceland banks 



toward the depths of the Atlantic (stat. 88, 63° 9' N., 13° 

 27' W., 880 m., temp. 5.07° Cel.) Salenia profundi was 

 not previously known within the Atlantic regions north 

 of the Bay of Biscay ("Caudan", stat. 3, 46° 26' N., 6° 

 58' W., 1710 m.). It ranges south to Tristan d'Acunha 

 ("Challenger", stat. 335, 32° 24' S., 13° 5' W., 2608 m.) 

 and was besides found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 

 Salenia profundi is therefore a cosmopolitan species. 

 The bathymetrical distribution is 183 — 3383 m. 



Echinus esculentus Linne. 



Echinus esculentus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 663. 



»/*. Stat. 1, 49° 27' N., 8° 36' W., 146 m., fine sand, temp. 

 9.57° Cel. One specimen, diameter 58 mm., height of test 40 mm. 



Echinus esculentus is a boreal species, ranging south 

 to the coasts of Spain and Portugal and north to Oex- 

 fjord, Finmark and 69° 18' N. ("Voeringen" stat. 173 B) 

 Bathymetrical distribution 0—1264 m. 



Echinus acutus Lamarck. 

 Echinus acutus Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert., vol. 3, 1816, p. 45. 



°A stat. 1, 49° 27, N. 8° 36' W., 146 m, fine sand, temp. 9.57° 

 Cel. One specimen. 



10 A stat. 3, 49° 32' N. 10° 49' W., 184 m„ fine sand, temp. 10.3° 

 Cel. Several specimens. 



10 A stat. 4, 49° 38' N. 11° 35' W., 923 m., sand and mud., temp. 

 9.2° Cel. 9 specimens. 



5 A> stat. 21, 35° 31' N. 6° 35' W., 535 m., yellow sand, temp. 

 11.52° Cel. One specimen. 



5 /s stat. 23, 35° 32' N. 7° 7' W., 1215 m., yellow mud., temp. 

 10.57° Cel. 9 specimens. 



2 V? stat. 96, 50° 57' N. 10° 46' W., 184 m. temp. 11° Cel. One 

 specimen. 



6 /s— Vs stat. 101, 57° 41' N. 11° 48' W., 1853 m., hard clay temp. 

 3.3° Cel. 19 specimens. 



The specimens from stat. 1 and 96 belong to the 

 form flemlngi Forbes. Some of the specimens from stat. 

 4 may be referred to the form microstoma Wyville 

 Thomson, others to norveglcus Diiben & Koren. I give 

 below the measurements of three microstoma and three 

 norveglcus of about equal size: 



!) Fisheries, Ireland Sci. Invest. 1912 (1913) no. 6, p. 54. 



-) Res. Camp. Sci. Monaco, Fasc. 12, 1898, tab. 1. 



3 ) Mortensen: Some West Indian Echinoids, 1910, p. 23. 



J ) Res. Sci. Camp. "Caudan", Fasc. 1, 1896, p. 92. 



5 ) Mortensen: Echinoidea, part 2, 1907, p. 170. 





microstoma 



norvegicus 





mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



Diameter of test 



62 



34.5 



13 



66.5 

 55.5 



13.5 



69 

 39 

 14 



62 

 33 

 16 



55.5 

 39.5 

 18 



67 



Height of test 



43 5 



Diameter of bucal area .... 



20 



Diameter of apical area .... 



13 



15 



13 



14.5 



15 



13.5 



Diameter of anal area 



6 



6 



7 



5.5 



6 



6.5 



Height in per cent of dia- 

















55.4 



83.6 



56.5 



53.2 



59.4 



64.7 



As will be seen from the foregoing numbers, the 

 bucal area affords the only reliable distinguishing charac- 

 teristic between these two forms, as it is much smaller 



GRIEG: — ECHINOD. 6. 



