270 THE GALAPAGOS TORTOISES. 
and comparisons; they are too abstract and vary too much with age and sex 
to be really practicable. 
Excepting in the synonymy and the direct references the bibliography is 
not repeated; it has been worked out by Giinther, Baur, and Van Denburgh. 
TESTUDO TaBULATA Walbaum. 
Plate 2. 
Testudo tabulata WauBaum, 1782, Chelonographia, p. 122; ScHourrr, 1792, Hist. Test., p. 56, 62, pl. 12, 
fig. 2, pl. 13, 14; Daupin, 1805, Hist. rept., 2, p. 242; Wrimp., 1825, Beitr., 1, p. 51; Apsrzp., pl. —; 
Bex, 1835, Monogr. Test., pl. —; Dumérin er Brpron, 1835, Erpétol. génér., 2, p. 89; Gray, 
1844, Cat. tort., p. 5; 1855, Cat. shield rept., p. 5; Srraucu, 1862, Chelon. stud., p. 80; 1865, 
Verth. schildkr., p. 25; Gray, 1870, Suppl. cat. shield rept., p. 4; Boutenerr, 1889, Cat. Chelon., 
p. 157; Srraucu, 1890, Bemerk. schildkr., p. 12; Gonupz, 1904, Chelonios do Brazil, p. 14. 
Testudo denticulata ScHoEPFrF, 1792, Hist. Test., p. 119, pl. 28, fig. 1. 
Testudo tessellata SCHNEWER, 1792, Schr. Berl. naturf. freunde, 10, p. 262. 
Chersine tessellata MerrEM, 1820, Tent., p. 31. 
Testudo hercules Sprx, 1824, Test. Bras., p. 20, pl. 14. 
Testudo sculpta Sprx, 1824, Test. Bras., p. 21, pl. 15. 
Testudo carbonaria Spix, 1824, Test. Bras., p. 22, pl. 16; Bex, 1835, Monog. Test., pl. —; Dumérin er 
Brsron, 1835, Erpétol. génér., 2, p. 99; StrAucH, 1862, Chelon. stud., p. 80; 1865, Verth. schildkr., 
p. 27. 
Testudo cagado Spix, 1824, Test. Bras., p. 23, pl. 17. 
Chersine tabulata GRaVENHORST, 1829, Del. Mus. Vrat. Rept., p. 19. 
Testudo boiet WacuEr, 1829, Icon. Amph., pl. 13. 
Chelonoides tabulata Gray, 1873, Proc. Zool. soc. London, p. 724, pl. 60, fig. 3. 
The conclusion reached in this study of the Galapagos tortoises is that they 
were derived in comparatively recent time, much later than the Tertiary, from 
species of the nearer lands of the continent of South America. How their 
transportation was effected may not be determined at present. In order that 
the closeness of the relationships with one of the most widely distributed con- 
tinental species may be made the more evident the following description and 
illustrations of a specimen of Testudo tabulata from Porto Rico are introduced 
here. They are taken from a fair representative of the species and will be 
useful in comparisons. The measurements in inches of the specimen are: — 
Direct Curved Sternal 
M.C.Z. length Width length Width Height length Width 
12050 223 132 29 254 103 19% ii 
The shape of the carapace of this species is more elongate than that of 7. vicina; 
it has a circumference of forty-one inches and approaches the subcyclindrical 
in shape. The sides are steep; they are nearly parallel in an upper view; 
longitudinally the back makes a long, low arch, which does not rise in the middle 
as in 7. nigrita. The front declivity resembles that of the latter. A majority 
