38 



AUSTRALIAN QUATERNARY CLIMATES AND MIGRATION 



A. Evidence at Tartanga and the Devon Bourns Shelter. 



This important investigation was conducted by Hale and Tin- 

 dale (1930) who excavated the Tartanga deposits and the Devon 

 Downs Shelter on the lower Murray, South Australia. They 

 summarize the evidence of Tartanga, where there are human 

 remains associated with food-debris and old industries, by the 

 statement that the "geological and physiographical features 

 show that these occupational records are at least of some 

 antiquity. ' ' Because it throws some light on climate and supplies 

 a standard for comparison, the Devon Downs succession is 

 given here with that at Tartanga. 



I. 



H. 



Tartanga. 

 Signs of human occupation. A 

 few hand-mills, no definite stone 

 artefacts. A few stone chippings, 

 Numerous signs of intensive oc- 

 cupation, hearths, ash, etc. 



G. A single flake, exhibiting what 

 may be poor attempts at second- 

 ary chipping. 



F. A crude millstone. 



E. Human remains. Bone imple- 

 ments. Stone chippings. 



D 



Devon Downs Shelter. 

 I. Late Murundian. Hammer-stone, 

 chippings, flakes, red-ochre. 



II. Murundian. Human remains, 

 bone implements, stone chippings, 

 red ochre. 



III. Murundian. Human remains, 

 bone and stone implements of 

 indefinite type. 



IV. Early Murundian. Human re- 

 mains. Bone and stone imple- 

 ments of definite shape. 



V. Mudukian. Bone implements and 

 definite stone implements similar 

 to VI and VII. 

 VI. Mudukian. Human remains. Bone 

 implements including mucluk or 

 fishing-bone. Stone implements. 

 VII. Mudukian. Bone and stone im- 

 plements. 

 VIII. Pirrian. Typical stone and bone 

 implements including pirn. 

 IX. Pirrian. Stone and bone imple- 

 ments including pirri. 

 X. Pirrian. Stone and bone imple- 

 ments, including pirri. 

 XI. Pre-Pirrian. Human remains. No 

 stone implements but chippings. 

 Bone implements. 

 XII. No implements either bone or 

 stone. Chippings. 



In the succession at Tartanga, the term Tartangan is restricted 

 to the period during which beds E to A were deposited, except AI 

 and A2, the oldest of the series. Hale and Tindale consider the 



Human remains. Implements, 

 millstones, pounding and grind- 

 ing stones, chippings. 

 Human skeleton. Stone imple- 

 ments and chippings. 

 Burnt stones, stone chippings or 

 flakes. Bone implements. 

 Burnt stones suggestive of cook- 

 ing-hearths. 

 AI. Occupational debris. 



C. 



B 



A. 



A2. Occupational debris. 



