AUSTRALIAN QUATERNARY CLIMATES AND MIGRATION 



39 



sequence, in ascending order, to be Tartangan, Pre-Pirrian, Pir- 

 l'ian, Mudukian, Murundian, the first-mentioned being separated 

 from the rest by a time-interval of unknown duration. 

 The sequence with the salient faunas is tabulated 



Cult ure- phases Site 



Late Murundian Devon Downs 



I 



Earlv Murundian Devon Downs 

 II to IV. 



Mudukian 



Pirrian 



Salient fauna. Industries 



All are existing Degenerate stone culture, 

 species, U nio Rock-markings, Type C 

 vittatus. Melania (illustrated), 

 much more abund- 

 ant than Bulinus. 



All are esUsting Degenerating stone indus- 

 species of animals tries; adze-stones {tula) 

 Unio vittatus. common only at begin- 



ning. Bone artefacts very 

 rare. Rock markings, 

 Type B (illustrated). 



Small mammals Rich stone and bone in- 

 numerous. Sarcop- dustries including tula 

 hilus cf. harrissi. and double-pointed bones 

 Unio vittatus. (nmduk). Rock mark- 



ings Type A (illustrated) . 

 Large mammals Rich stone and bone in- 

 common Sarco- dustry. Tula rare in up- 

 ])Iiilus ef., harrissi per and absent from lower 

 Chelodina cf. ex- layers. Leaf points (pirri) 

 pansa, Unio vitta- abundant. Double-point- 

 tus. ed bones (muduk) absent. 



Bulinus much more Scant bone industry, 

 abundant t h a n Stone chippings, but no 

 Melania, Unio vit- implements recovered. 

 tains. Not well known. 



Unio protovitta- Stone and bone industry. 

 tits. Large patinated, discoidal 



scrapers, coarsely re- 

 touched. Coarse bone im- 

 plements. 



Hale and Tindale collected the molluscan shells in the food 

 debris at the Devon Downs Shelter all of which they point out, 

 were brought there. The number of shells of a species found on a 

 cultural level is taken by them to indicate the relative abundance 

 or scarcity of the species in the vicinity at the time, and they show 

 this by a graphical representation of about a thousand specimens 

 of Melania balonnensis, Bulinus texturatus and Corbicula angasi. 

 They show, that Melania balomiensis is rare in the lowest layers 

 but in the highest more plentiful ; Bulinus texturatus and Corbi- 

 cula angasi are plentiful in the lower layers, the former very 

 plentiful, and rare in the higher layers. Incidentally Melania is 

 found in the clays with the bones of Diprotodon at Lake Calla- 



Pre-Pirrian 



Tartangan 



Devon Downs 

 V to VII 



Devon Downs 

 VIII to X 



Devon Downs 

 XI to XII 



Tartanga 

 beds. A-E. 



