48 



AUSTRALIAN QUATERNARY CLIMATES AND MIGRATION 



been the sea coast or a distant watercourse. Its antiquity would be quickly 

 disposed of if the origin of the stone were known for the newer lavas of the 

 Hampden [area] are in all probability younger than the tuffs. As, however, 

 the implement was not found in situ it cannot be used in support of the antiquity 

 of man in Australia 



The following is a composite section based on observations by 

 Merry*, Spencer and Walcott, and the writer. 



I in. white tuff 

 grey tuff 



3ft. swamp alluvium 

 ?a. Hampden Tuff 



bone bed , , 

 ironstone nodules, 



MILLSTONE 



6 ft. blacK clay with 

 wind-blown material 



3ft 6m. yellow clay with 

 wind-blown material 



'3 ft reddish clay 



softer stratum 



FIG. 5 



Composite Section of Excavations made near drain in Pejark Marsh. 



Pejark Marsh is an irregularly shaped fresh-water swamp that 

 has been drained, about 440 feet above sea-level, in a depression 

 between the scoria-cone of Mt. Noorat (1,026 feet) about 1^ miles 

 north of it, and Mt. Terang about 40 chains south of it. Before it 

 was drained, it was covered with thick ti-tree scrub and eucalypts. 

 To the east and west, the surface is covered with buckshot-gravel, 

 and there is a narrow strip of buckshot gravel on its northern 

 margin where the scoria-cone flow from Mt. Noorat almost reaches 

 the Marsh. On its southern margin are the lava-plains basalt and 

 Hampden Tuffs. 



The country surrounding the Marsh is generally flat, Mt. Noorat 

 and Mt. Terang providing the only relief. No streams have at 

 any time emptied into the Marsh and the water it contained was 

 the rainfall that fell over its restricted basin. The surface-soil 

 and black clay are rich in carbonaceous material indicating the 



