16 NYMPHALID^E. 



Wood-Mason in his original description ot the form speaks 

 of a" little specialized sexual mark or gland " on the hind wing. 

 There is no trace of this in the <S specimen I have examined. 



12. Danais limniace, Cramer (Papilio), Pap. Exot. i, 1775, figs. D, 

 E, 2 ', Moore (Tirumala), Lep. Ceijl. i, 1880. p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 3 ; 

 M.fydcN. Butt. Ind. i, 1882, p. 47 ; Moore (Tirumala), Lep. hid. 

 i, 1890-92, p. 30, pi. 6, figs. 1, larva & pupa, la, lb, S 2 • 



<$ 2 - Upper side black, with bluish- white seinihy aline spots and 

 streaks. Fore wing : interspace 1 two streaks, sometimes coales- 

 cent, with a spot beyond; cell: a streak from base and an 



outwardly indented spot at its 

 apex ; a large oval spot at base 

 of interspace 2, another at base 

 of interspace 3, with a smaller 

 spot beyond it towards termen ; 

 five obliquely placed preapical 

 streaks, and somewhat irregular 

 subterminal and terminal series 

 of spots, the latter the smaller. 

 Hind wing : interspaces 1 b, la, 

 and 1 with streaks from base, 

 double in the latter two, cell with 

 a forked broad streak, the lower 

 branch with a hook, or spur-like 

 Fig. 5. — Danais limniace, $ . i. short projection ; beyond the cell 



at base of interspaces 2 and 3 a 

 slender loop, at base of 4 and 5 a broad elongate streak, and at 

 base of 6 a quadrate spot ; beyond these again a number of scat- 

 tered unequal subterminal and terminal spots. Underside : basal 

 two-thirds of fore wing dusky black, the apex and hind wing 

 olive-brown, the spots and streaks much as on the upperside. 

 Antennae, head and thorax black, the latter two spotted and 

 streaked with white ; abdomen dusky above, ochraceous spotted 

 with white beneath. Male secondary sex-mark in form 1. 

 Exp. S 2 98-106 mm. (3-8-4-2"). 



Hab. Throughout our limits and extending into Siam and 

 China. 



Larva. Yellowish white ; 3rd and 12th segments, each with a 

 pair of fleshy filaments, black and greenish white ; each of the 

 segments with four transverse black bars, the second bar on all 

 broader than the others, bifurcated laterally, a yellow longitudinal 

 line on each side ; head, feet and claspers spotted with black. 



Pupa. " Green with golden scattered spots and beaded dorsal 

 crescent " (Moore). 



Food-plants : Asclepiads and Calotropis. I found the caterpillars 

 feeding on the thick fleshy leaves of a Hoya at Bassein in Burma. 



