2 KTMPHALIDJE. 



b. Vein 1 in fore wing not forked at base. 



a. Palpi more or less erect, or only obliquely 



subporrect, not remarkably loDg, not 



forming a beak. 



a 2 . Palpi strongly compressed ; eyes often 



hairy, one or more veins in fore wing 



generally swollen at base ; wings as 



a rule short and broad, hind wing 



often dentate or caudate Satyrina>. 



b 2 . Palpi not compressed, short, cylindrical, 

 slightly clavate ; eyes never hairy ; 

 veins never swollen at base ; wings 

 always long ; hind wing never dentate 



or caudate Acrceince. 



b'. Palpi porrect, projecting, remarkably long, 

 nearly as long as the thorax, pressed 



close together forming a beak LibytJieince. 



B. Discoidal cell open, or if closed, lower disco - 

 cellular very slender, inconspicuous *. 



a. Palpi small, narrow, sharp in front Morphinw. 



b. Palpi large, broad, rounded in front Nymphalinw. 



Subfamily DANAIN^E. 



Egg. " Much higher than wide, leathery, radiate, with numerous 

 broad flattened ribs and distinct cross-lines reticulate over a small 

 area at the apex " (Doherty). 



Larva. Smooth, cylindrical or subcylindrical, with from two to 

 four pairs of fleshy tentacula. Colours conspicuous, generally 

 black, yellow and red. 



Imago. Wings ample, terminal margins never dentate or 

 caudate ; cell of both fore and hind wings closed ; vein 1 in fore 

 wing forked close to base, none of the veins basally swollen ; no 

 prediscoidal cell in hind wing; antennae slender, filiform or 

 gradually clavate, bare, without scales ; eyes naked, never hairy ; 

 palpi slightly compressed, somewhat short and erect ; body 

 slender. 



The forms in this subfamily are highly specialized, for in 

 addition to the reduction in the number of legs used in walking 

 common to all the members of the family Nymphalidce, the 

 Danaince have without exception developed what to our senses, at 

 any rate, is an acrid disagreeable odour and taste accompanied 

 with a tough leathery consistency of body that to a certain extent 

 evidently protects them from insectivorous enemies. In the 

 great majority of the forms also, secondary sexual characters in 

 the shape of specialized scales, tufts of hair, brushes, or fans 

 having peculiar odours are prominent. 



* Except the forms belonging to the genera Pseudergolis and Calinaga, 

 which have the cell of the hind wing tubularly closed. 



