IKTRODrCTTON. 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 8. 



II. 



Fig. 8. — Wings of Ixias (Pieridce). Veins numbered similarly. I. Fore wing: 



vein 9 absent. II. Hind wing: veins 1 a-8 present. 

 Fig. 9, A & B. — Wings {Lyccenidce). A I. Fore wing : veins 7 and 10 absent. 



B I. Vein 7 absent. A & B II. Hind wings: precostal veins absent. 

 Fig. 10. — Wings of Tagiades (Hesperiidce). I. Fore wing : all veins present 



and, except 1 and 12, originating from cell. II. Hind wing: vein 5 



absent. 



posterior or lower, refer to the costal and dorsal portions of the 

 wings respectively. Markings are said to be basal when occurring 

 between base of wing and up to an imaginary line crossing 

 middle of cell ; subbasal from that to a similar line crossing just 

 within the apex of cell ; discal or medial when they occupy the 

 medial third of the wing ; and postdiscal, siibterininal, and 

 terminal in succession after that. 



Legs. These organs, though variable on the whole, are, so far 

 as the perfection or imperfection of the front pair of legs is con- 

 cerned, constant in the larger divisions of the Papilionina — the 

 families and subfamilies. In the more specialized forms, the 

 fore legs are more or less, sometimes very considerably, reduced 

 in size. In many genera of the Nymphalidce the fore legs are 

 kept close-pressed to the body, and often appear like mere brushes 

 or tufts of hair ; while in nearly all the genera of that family 

 rhey are useless for walking in both sexes. 



