164 NYMPHALID.E. 



Genus PARANTIRRHCEA. 



Parantirrhcea, Wood- Mason, J. A. 8. B. 1880, p. 248; M. 8f de N. 

 Butt. Ind. i, 1883, p. 261 ; Moore, Lep. Ind. ii, 1893-96, p. 139. 



Type, P. marshalli, Wood-Mason, from Travancore. 

 Range. Only known from Southern India, Travancore. 

 " Male. Pore wing triangular ; costal margin moderately and 

 regularly arched ; apex acute ; outer margin almost straight, being 

 only just perceptibly convex; inner angle rounded ; inner margin 

 sinuous, being lobed at the base much as in the males of Clerome 

 and JEmona, genera of Morphinoz ; subcostal nervure four-branched, 

 the first branch given off before, and the second beyond the end of 

 the discoidal cell, the first, second and third coalescing, successively 

 and respectively, with the costal nervure, the first and the second 

 and all three in turn becoming free and running off at a tangent 

 like the costal nervure to the anterior margin, the fourth being 

 perfectly free from its origin and running to the apical angle ; lower 

 discocellular nervule long, very slightly concave outwards, almost 

 straight ; middle one not quite half the length of the lower one, 

 upper one rudimentary; submedian nervure sinuous, short, termi- 

 nating near the inner margin at about the level of the junction of the 

 basal and second fourth of the length of that margin, being in fact 

 hardly more developed than is the internal nervure of the Papilio- 

 ninw, as compared with that of many Heterocerous Lepidoptera ; 

 the first median nervure directed straight outwards and backwards, 

 out of its normal course, to the inner angle and supplying the place 

 of the rudimentary submedian nervure. On turning to the under- 

 side, it is seen that a narrow rounded lobe of the functional sutural 

 area (inner margin), about six times as long as it is broad, is folded 

 back upon the under surface to which it is firmly adherent. The 

 lobe occupies the middle two-fourths of the length of the inner 

 margin, and is thickly clothed on its surface and fringed at its free 

 edge with firmly attached long and somewhat raised modified scales, 

 rendered conspicuous by their rich dark brown colour and satiny 

 lustre. The outline of this turned-up lobe is marked out on the 

 upperside by a curvilinear groove. Hind wing tailed, subquadrate, 

 with four distinct margins ; viz., a strongly and irregularly-arched 

 costal margin, nearly straight external and hind margins, and an 

 inner or abdominal margin marked out by the obtuse-angled apex ; 

 the tail and the well-rounded anal angle with a black oval sexual 

 mark divided by the submedian nervure near the anal angle ; costal 

 nervure short and straight, terminating before, and the first branch 

 of the subcostal which originates close to the base of its nervure 

 ending beyond the middle of the length of the costal margin, the 

 second branch being given off before the middle of the discoidal 

 cell and extending into the apical angle ; the discoidal nervule in 

 the same straight or slightly curved line with the subcostal ; the 

 discocellular nervule sinuous ; the third median nervule produced 



