UYMPHALINJE. 203 



Teuasserim to the Malay Peninsula. Described originally from 

 China. 



Larva. " On bamboo, living during the day in three or four 

 leaves spun together .... full-fed larva 2 inches long, colour 

 black mottled with grey; a rather broad yellowish dorsal line ; the 

 junction of the segments marked by a thin irregular yellow line and 

 red spot ; body covered with white hairs ; head and anus black, 

 the former marked with perpendicular yellow lines. Pupa white, 

 suspended by the tail ; the labial palpi prominently projected ; 

 changing to dark brown a few hours before emergence. The 

 perfect insect remains three weeks in pupa." (Manders, Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 519.) 



Var. zal, Westwood, differs from the typical form as follows : — 



Upperside. tf paler brown. Fore wing with an additional spot 

 outside cell; the spots in the three transverse series more numerous, 

 the discal row bluish, the outer two rows ochraceous. Hind wing 

 with three rows of ochraceous somewhat obscure spots. Under- 

 side differs only in being paler than in the typical form and more 

 uniform in colour. $ : ground-colour above ochraceous ; fore 

 wing — apex of cell yellow with a prominent enclosed black spot ; 

 the three series of spots as in typical tullia, but only the discal 

 row bluish white, the rest ochraceous, and an additional inner row 

 at the bases of the interspaces. Hind-wing markings similar to 

 those of tullia. Underside very much paler and more uniform. 



It is probable, as Mr. Moore suggests, that D. zal is the dry- 

 season form of D. tullia. 



Var. spiloptera, de Niceville & Moller, closely resembles the 

 variety or dry-season form D. zal, but on the upperside it is more 

 heavily marked in both sexes, the spots being larger and in the 

 S entirely ochraceous. The 2 lacks the black spot enclosed in 

 the yellow patch at the apex of the cell. 



Subfamily NYMPHALIINME. 



Egg. "Very large, few, soft, not so high as wide, strongly 

 reticulate with elevated translucent chitinous lines crossing the 

 surface asymmetrically, enclosing pentagonal and hexagonal spaces, 

 and bearing long, acute, often bifid spines at their intersection." 

 (Doherly.) 



Larva. Variable both in form and armature, but in the large 

 majority of the forms cylindrical and spiny. In Apatura and 

 Oharaxes the larva is smooth, has horn-like processes on the 

 head, which are often branched, and two posteriorly directed 

 processes on the anal segment, recalling the form of the larva in 

 the Satyrince and Morphince. The larva of Euthalia is very spiny, 

 being armed with a series of long lateral spines, each spine nearly 

 half the length of the larva itself, and fringed along the sides with 

 finer hairs or spines. In Ergolis, on the contrary, the spines are 

 short, dorsal, and many-branched. 



